Historical country records

Belgium historical timeline

Belgium

Date or term	Officeholder or event	Category	Affiliation / detail
1556	Spanish Netherlands	Leaders
1713	Austrian Netherlands	Leaders
11 Jan 1790 - 2 Dec 1790	United Belgian States in revolt against Habsburg rule	Leaders
1 Oct 1795	annexed to France	Leaders
15 Feb 1814	Belgian territory separated from France	Leaders
12 May 1815	incorporation of the Belgian lands and Liège into the Kingdom of the Netherlands	Leaders
4 Oct 1830	independence proclaimed (Belgium)	Leaders
7 Feb 1831	Kingdom of Belgium	Leaders
4 Aug 1914 - 11 Nov 1918	occupied by Germany	Leaders
10 May 1940 - 3 Sep 1944	occupied by Germany	Leaders
11 Jan 1790 - 1790	François de Nélis	Presidents of the Sovereign Congress
8 Nov 1790 - 1790	Hendrik Herman Werner Frans Anton van Crumpipen (b. 1738 - d. 1811)	Presidents of the Sovereign Congress
15 Feb 1814 - 18 Feb 1814	Eugène Jean Baptiste, comte de Robiano (acting) (b. 1741 - d. 1820)	Governors-general (on behalf of the Allied Powers)
18 Feb 1814 - 23 Mar 1814	Frédéric Auguste Alexandre, duc de Beaufort-Spontin (b. 1751 - d. 1817)	Governors-general (on behalf of the Allied Powers)
23 Mar 1814 - 5 May 1814	Baron von Horst	Governors-general (on behalf of the Allied Powers)
5 May 1814 - 1 Aug 1814	Charles, baron de Vincent = Karl Freiherr von Vincent (b. 1757 - d. 1834) de Liège)	Governors-general (on behalf of the Allied Powers)
1 Aug 1814 - 12 May 1815	Willem van Oranje-Nassau declined to serve in person and designated a Lieutenant: Godert Alexander Gerard Philip, baron van der Capellen, heer van Berkenwoude en Agterbroek (b. 1778 - d. 1848)	Governors-general (on behalf of the Allied Powers)
24 Sep 1830 - 25 Feb 1831	Administrative Commission - Emmanuel van der Linden, baron d'Hooghvorst (b. 1782 - d. 1866) - Charles Rogier (b. 1800 - d. 1885) - Félix, comte de Mérode (b. 1791 - d. 1857) - Alexandre Gendebien (b. 1789 - d. 1869) - Sylvain Van de Weyer (b. 1802 - d. 1874) - André Édouard Jolly (b. 1799 - d. 1883) - Feuillen Charles Marie Joseph, baron de Coppin de Falaën (b. 1800 - d. 1887) - Joseph van der Linden (b. 1764 - d. 18...) - Louis de Potter (b. 1786 - d. 1859) - Jean Nicolay (b. ... - d. 1842)	Governors-general (on behalf of the Allied Powers)
25 Feb 1831 - 21 Jul 1831	Érasme Louis, baron Surlet de Chokier (b. 1769 - d. 1839)	Regent
21 Jul 1831 - 10 Dec 1865	Léopold I	Saxe-Cobourg et -Gotha (Wettin) dynasty
10 Dec 1865 - 17 Dec 1865	Charles Rogier	Saxe-Cobourg et -Gotha (Wettin) dynasty
17 Dec 1865 - 17 Dec 1909	Léopold II	Saxe-Cobourg et -Gotha (Wettin) dynasty
17 Dec 1909 - 23 Dec 1909	Frans Schollaert	Saxe-Cobourg et -Gotha (Wettin) dynasty
23 Dec 1909 - 17 Feb 1934	Albert I	Saxe-Cobourg et -Gotha (Wettin) dynasty
26 Aug 1914 - 16 Dec 1914	Colmar Freiherr von der Goltz	Saxe-Cobourg et -Gotha (Wettin) dynasty
16 Dec 1914 - 18 Apr 1917	Moritz Ferdinand Freiherr von Bissing (governor-general) (b. 1844 - d. 1917)	Saxe-Cobourg et -Gotha (Wettin) dynasty
17 May 1917 - 11 Nov 1918	Ludwig Freiherr von Falkenhausen	Saxe-Cobourg et -Gotha (Wettin) dynasty
17 Feb 1934 - 23 Feb 1934	Charles, comte de Broqueville	Saxe-Cobourg et -Gotha (Wettin) dynasty
23 Feb 1934 - 16 Jul 1951	Léopold III in exile in Switzerland 8 May 1945 - 22 Jul 1950)	Saxe-Cobourg et -Gotha (Wettin) dynasty
20 May 1940 - 18 Jul 1944	Alexander von Falkenhausen to 29 May 1940, then for Belgium and northern France)	Saxe-Cobourg et -Gotha (Wettin) dynasty
18 Jul 1944 - 1944	Joseph Grohé (Reichskommissar)	Saxe-Cobourg et -Gotha (Wettin) dynasty
20 Sep 1944 - 20 Jul 1950	Charles (regent)	Saxe-Cobourg et -Gotha (Wettin) dynasty
11 Aug 1950 - 16 Jul 1951	Baudouin (regent)	Saxe-Cobourg et -Gotha (Wettin) dynasty
16 Jul 1951 - 17 Jul 1951	Joseph Pholien	Saxe-Cobourg et -Gotha (Wettin) dynasty
17 Jul 1951 - 31 Jul 1993	Baudouin I	Saxe-Cobourg et -Gotha (Wettin) dynasty
4 Apr 1990 - 5 Apr 1990	Wilfried Martens	Saxe-Cobourg et -Gotha (Wettin) dynasty
31 Jul 1993 - 9 Aug 1993	Jean-Luc Dehaene	Saxe-Cobourg et -Gotha (Wettin) dynasty
9 Aug 1993 -	Albert II	Saxe-Cobourg et -Gotha (Wettin) dynasty
11 Jan 1790 - 2 Dec 1790	Hendrik van der Noot	Prime minister
26 Feb 1831 - 27 Feb 1831	Albert Joseph Goblet d'Alviella (1st time) Lib (b. 1790 - d. 1873)	Cabinet chiefs
27 Feb 1831 - 10 Mar 1831	Étienne Constantin de Gerlache Cat (b. 1785 - d. 1871)	Cabinet chiefs
10 Mar 1831 - 23 Mar 1831	Albert Joseph Goblet d'Alviella (2nd time) Lib (s.a.)	Cabinet chiefs
23 Mar 1831 - 3 Aug 1831	Étienne Noël Joseph, chevalier de Sauvage Lib (b. 1789 - d. 1867)	Cabinet chiefs
3 Aug 1831 - 12 Nov 1831	Charles Marie de Brouckère	Cabinet chiefs
12 Nov 1831 - 26 Mar 1832	Félix Armand de Mûelenaere	Cabinet chiefs	Lib
26 Mar 1832 - 17 Sep 1832	Charles Marie de Brouckère	Cabinet chiefs
17 Sep 1832 - 20 Oct 1832	Albert Joseph Goblet d'Alviella (3rd time) Lib (s.a.)	Cabinet chiefs
20 Oct 1832 - 4 Aug 1834	Joseph Lebeau (1st time)	Cabinet chiefs	Lib
4 Aug 1834 - 18 Apr 1840	Barthélemy Théodore, chevalier de Theux de Meylandt (1st time) Cat (b. 1794 - d. 1874)	Cabinet chiefs
18 Apr 1840 - 13 Apr 1841	Joseph Lebeau (2nd time)	Cabinet chiefs	Lib
13 Apr 1841 - 30 Jul 1845	Jean Baptiste Nothomb	Cabinet chiefs	Lib
30 Jul 1845 - 31 Mar 1846	Sylvain Van de Weyer	Cabinet chiefs	Lib
31 Mar 1846 - 12 Aug 1847	Barthélemy Théodore, comte de Theux de Meylandt (2nd time) Cat (s.a.)	Cabinet chiefs
12 Aug 1847 - 31 Oct 1852	Charles Rogier (1st time)	Cabinet chiefs	Lib
31 Oct 1852 - 30 Mar 1855	Henri de Brouckère	Cabinet chiefs	Lib
30 Mar 1855 - 9 Nov 1857	Pierre Jacques François De Decker Cat (b. 1812 - d. 1891)	Cabinet chiefs
9 Nov 1857 - 3 Jan 1868	Charles Rogier (2nd time)	Cabinet chiefs	Lib
3 Jan 1868 - 2 Jul 1870	Walthère Frère-Orban	Cabinet chiefs
2 Jul 1870 - 7 Dec 1871	Jules Joseph, baron d'Anethan Cat	Cabinet chiefs
7 Dec 1871 - 19 Jun 1878	Jules Malou (1st time)	Cabinet chiefs	Cat
19 Jun 1878 - 16 Jun 1884	Walthère Frère-Orban	Cabinet chiefs
16 Jun 1884 - 26 Oct 1884	Jules Malou (2nd time)	Cabinet chiefs	Cat
26 Oct 1884 - 26 Mar 1894	Auguste Marie François Beernaert Cat (b. 1829 - d. 1912)	Cabinet chiefs
26 Mar 1894 - 25 Feb 1896	Jules Philippe Marie de Burlet Cat (b. 1844 - d. 1897)	Cabinet chiefs
25 Feb 1896 - 24 Jan 1899	Paul de Smet de Naeyer	Cabinet chiefs
24 Jan 1899 - 5 Aug 1899	Julius Vandenpeereboom	Cabinet chiefs	Cat
5 Aug 1899 - 2 May 1907	Paul de Smet de Naeyer (from 1900, Paul, comte de Smet de Naeyer) (2nd time) Cat (s.a.)	Cabinet chiefs
2 May 1907 - 31 Dec 1907	Jules de Trooz	Cabinet chiefs	Cat
9 Jan 1908 - 17 Jun 1911	Frans Schollaert	Cabinet chiefs	Cat
17 Jun 1911 - 31 May 1918	Charles, baron de Broqueville Cat	Cabinet chiefs
Aug 1914 - Jul 1917	Maximilian von Sandt	Cabinet chiefs
31 May 1918 - 21 Nov 1918	Geraard Cooreman	Cabinet chiefs	Cat
21 Nov 1918 - 20 Nov 1920	Léon Delacroix	Prime ministers	Cat
20 Nov 1920 - 16 Dec 1921	Henri Carton de Wiart	Prime ministers	Cat
16 Dec 1921 - 13 May 1925	Georges Theunis (1st time)	Prime ministers	Cat
13 May 1925 - 17 Jun 1925	Aloys van de Vyvere	Prime ministers	Cat
17 Jun 1925 - 20 May 1926	Prosper, vicomte Poullet	Prime ministers	Cat
20 May 1926 - 6 Jun 1931	Henri Jaspar	Prime ministers	Cat
6 Jun 1931 - 22 Oct 1932	Jules Renkin	Prime ministers	Cat
22 Oct 1932 - 20 Nov 1934	Charles, comte de Broqueville Cat	Prime ministers
20 Nov 1934 - 25 Mar 1935	Georges Theunis (2nd time)	Prime ministers	Cat
25 Mar 1935 - 24 Nov 1937	Paul van Zeeland	Prime ministers	Cat
24 Nov 1937 - 15 May 1938	Paul Emile Janson	Prime ministers	Lib
15 May 1938 - 20 Feb 1939	Paul-Henri Spaak (1st time)	Prime ministers	Soc
22 Feb 1939 - 12 Feb 1945	Hubert Pierlot from 25 Oct 1940 in London])	Prime ministers	Cat
12 Feb 1945 - 13 Mar 1946	Achille Van Acker (1st time)	Prime ministers	Soc
13 Mar 1946 - 31 Mar 1946	Paul-Henri Spaak (2nd time)	Prime ministers	Soc
31 Mar 1946 - 3 Aug 1946	Achille Van Acker (2nd time)	Prime ministers	Soc
3 Aug 1946 - 20 Mar 1947	Camille Huysmans	Prime ministers	Soc
20 Mar 1947 - 11 Aug 1949	Paul-Henri Spaak (3rd time)	Prime ministers	Soc
11 Aug 1949 - 8 Jun 1950	Gaston Eyskens (1st time)	Prime ministers	S-C
8 Jun 1950 - 15 Aug 1950	Jean Duvieusart	Prime ministers	S-C
15 Aug 1950 - 15 Jan 1952	Joseph Pholien	Prime ministers	S-C
15 Jan 1952 - 23 Apr 1954	Jean Van Houtte	Prime ministers	S-C
23 Apr 1954 - 26 Jun 1958	Achille Van Acker (3rd time)	Prime ministers	Soc
26 Jun 1958 - 25 Apr 1961	Gaston Eyskens (2nd time)	Prime ministers	S-C
25 Apr 1961 - 28 Jul 1965	Théo Lefèvre	Prime ministers	S-C
28 Jul 1965 - 19 Mar 1966	Pierre Harmel	Prime ministers	S-C
19 Mar 1966 - 17 Jun 1968	Paul Vanden Boeynants	Prime ministers
17 Jun 1968 - 26 Jan 1973	Gaston Eyskens (3rd time)	Prime ministers	CVP
26 Jan 1973 - 25 Apr 1974	Edmond Leburton	Prime ministers	Soc
25 Apr 1974 - 20 Oct 1978	Léo Tindemans	Prime ministers	CVP
20 Oct 1978 - 3 Apr 1979	Paul Vanden Boeynants	Prime ministers
3 Apr 1979 - 6 Apr 1981	Wilfried Martens (1st time)	Prime ministers	CVP
6 Apr 1981 - 17 Dec 1981	Mark Eyskens	Prime ministers	CVP
17 Dec 1981 - 7 Mar 1992	Wilfried Martens (2nd time)	Prime ministers	CVP
7 Mar 1992 - 12 Jul 1999	Jean-Luc Dehaene	Prime ministers	CVP
12 Jul 1999 - 20 Mar 2008	Guy Verhofstadt	Prime ministers	VLD
20 Mar 2008 -	Yves Leterme	Prime ministers	CD&V

Bouillon

Date or term	Officeholder or event	Category
25 Oct 1795	annexed to France	Leaders
30 May 1814 - 1 Jan 1815	Allied administration (see Belgium, above)	Leaders
Mar 1815	French occupation	Leaders
22 Jul 1815	part of Luxembourg	Leaders
1831	part of Belgium	Leaders
31 Jan 1696 - 16 May 1730	Emmanuel-Théodose	La Tour d'Auvergne dynasty
16 May 1730 - 24 Oct 1771	Charles-Godefroy	La Tour d'Auvergne dynasty
24 Oct 1771 - 3 Dec 1792	Godefroy-Charles-Henri	La Tour d'Auvergne dynasty
3 Dec 1792 - 24 Apr 1794	Jacques-Léopold-Charles-Godefroy	La Tour d'Auvergne dynasty
24 Apr 1794 - 25 Oct 1795	Committee of Execution - Claude-Pierre Jobard - Remacle Poncelet - François-Gérard Pirson - Pierre Castilhon - Rénéaume-Latache - Dominique Millard - Jean-Joseph Nannan	La Tour d'Auvergne dynasty
1 Jan 1815 - Mar 1815	Philippe	La Tour d'Auvergne dynasty

Liège

Date or term	Officeholder or event	Category
343	traditional date of founding of the bishopric of Liège	Leaders
14 Apr 972	the bishop becomes a prince of the Reich, an immediate vassal of the king	Leaders
28 Nov 1792 - 4 Mar 1793	occupied by France	Leaders
8 May 1793	the French National Convention decrees the incorporation of Liège into France (ineffective at the time)	Leaders
27 Jul 1794	occupied by France, and treated as if incorporated, together with the Belgian provinces	Leaders
1 Oct 1795	formal annexation to France; thereafter Liège undergoes the same developments as the rest of Belgium	Leaders
25 Oct 1694 - 12 Nov 1723	Joseph-Clément, duc de Bavière	Leaders
7 Dec 1724 - 5 Dec 1743	Georges II Louis de Berghes	Leaders
10 Mar 1744 - 27 Jan 1763	Jean XI Théodore, duc de Bavière	Leaders
8 Apr 1763 - 22 Oct 1771	Charles-Nicolas-Alexandre, comte d'Oultremont (b. 1716 - d. 1771)	Leaders
14 Mar 1772 - 30 Apr 1784	François-Charles, comte de Vellbrueck (b. 1719 - d. 1784)	Leaders
15 Aug 1784 - 13 Sep 1790	César-Constantin-François, comte de Hoensbroek (1st time) (b. 1724 - d. 1792)	Leaders
13 Sep 1790 - 10 Jan 1791	Ferdinand-Maximilien Mériadec de Rohan, prince de Guémenée, archevêque de Cambrai (regent) (b. 1738 - d. 1813)	Leaders
11 Jan 1791 - 3 Jun 1792	César-Constantin-François, comte de Hoensbroek (2nd time) (s.a.)	Leaders
3 Jun 1792 - 16 Aug 1792	Alexandre-Constantin-Joseph de Nassau, comte de Corroy (b. 1738 - d. 1804)	Leaders
16 Aug 1792 - 28 Nov 1792	François-Antoine-Marie-Constantin, comte de Méan et de Beaurieux	Leaders
5 Mar 1793 - 21 Apr 1793	Friedrich Josias, Prinz von und zu Sachsen-Coburg-Saalfeld (b. 1737 - d. 1815)	Leaders
21 Apr 1793 - 20 Jul 1794	François-Antoine-Marie-Constantin, comte de Méan et de Beaurieux	Leaders

Limburg

Date or term	Officeholder or event	Category
1106	Duchy of Limburg	Leaders
10 Dec 1703	the Austrian Habsburg rulers become Dukes of Limburg	Leaders
11 Jan 1790 - 2 Dec 1790	part of the United Belgian States	Leaders
15 Dec 1792	annexed to France	Leaders
28 Apr 1793	Habsburg rule restored	Leaders
1 Oct 1795	annexed to France (Ourthe département)	Leaders
15 Feb 1814	part of the "Belgian" Netherlands (province of Liège)	Leaders
4 Oct 1830	part of Belgium (province of Liège)	Leaders

Neutral Moresnet

Date or term	Officeholder or event	Category
26 Jun 1816	part of Moresnet, claimed by both The Netherlands and Prussia, is "temporarily neutralized" and put under a common administration	Leaders
1830	Belgium replaces Netherlands as claimant and administrator	Leaders
27 Jun 1915	administration by Prussia only	Leaders
Nov 1918	administration by Belgium only	Leaders
10 Jan 1920	annexed to Belgium	Leaders
8 Dec 1817 - 2 Dec 1823	Werner Jacob	Netherlands royal commissioners
2 Dec 1823 - 1830	Joseph Brandès	Netherlands royal commissioners
8 Jun 1835 - 1840	Lambert Ernst	Belgian royal commissioners
1 Feb 1840 - 1889	Mathieu Crémer	Belgian royal commissioners
30 Nov 1889 - 27 Mar 1915	Fernand Jacques Bleyfuesz	Belgian royal commissioners
27 Mar 1915 - 27 Jun 1915	Bayer (acting)	Belgian royal commissioners
Nov 1918 - 10 Jan 1920	Fernand Jacques Bleyfuesz	Belgian royal commissioners
6 Aug 1817 - 1819	Wilhelm Hardt	Prussian royal commissioners
22 Apr 1819 - Mar 1836	Johann Martin Daniel Mayer	Prussian royal commissioners
9 Jul 1836 - 9 Nov 1853	Heinrich Martins	Prussian royal commissioners
11 Aug 1852 - 7 Jan 1866	Amand Pierre von Harenne	Prussian royal commissioners
12 Dec 1866 - 10 Jul 1867	August Freiherr von der Heydt	Prussian royal commissioners
1868 - 1871	Edward Gülcher	Prussian royal commissioners
18 Jun 1871 - 1893	Alfred Theodor Sternickel	Prussian royal commissioners
18 Apr 1893 - 1 Jan 1909	Alfred Gülcher	Prussian royal commissioners
13 Jan 1909 - 1913	Walter The Losen	Prussian royal commissioners
2 Nov 1913 - Nov 1918	Spiess (acting)	Prussian royal commissioners
1817 - 21 Feb 1859	Arnold Timothée de Lasaulx	Mayors
21 Feb 1859 - 30 May 1859	Adolf Hubert van Scherpenzeel-Thim	Mayors
1 Jul 1859 - 3 Feb 1882	Joseph Kohl	Mayors
3 Feb 1882 - 20 Jun 1885	...	Mayors
20 Jun 1885 - 15 Mar 1915	Hubert Schmetz	Mayors
29 Mar 1915 - 7 Dec 1918	Wilhelm Kyll	Mayors
7 Dec 1918 - 10 Jan 1920	Pierre Grignard	Mayors