Historical country records
China historical timeline
Imperial China
| Date or term | Officeholder or event | Category |
|---|---|---|
| 15 May 1636 | Great Qing Empire inaugurated | Leaders |
| 7 Feb 1661 - 20 Dec 1722 | Xuanye miaohao: Shengzu / shi: Ren huangdi nianhao 18 Feb 1662 - 4 Feb 1723: Kangxi | Qing dynasty |
| 10 Jul 1706 - 1707 | Wei Zhiye (in rebellion) nianhao 10 Jul 1706 - 1707: Wenxing | Qing dynasty |
| 1707 - 1708 | Zhu Cihuan in rebellion) | Qing dynasty |
| 26 May 1721 - 30 Jul 1721 | Zhu Yigui nianhao 26 May 1721 - 30 Jul 1721: Yonghe | Qing dynasty |
| 27 Dec 1722 - 8 Oct 1735 | Yinzhen miaohao: Shizong / shi: Xian huangdi nianhao 5 Feb 1723 - 11 Feb 1736: Yongzheng | Qing dynasty |
| 18 Oct 1735 - 9 Feb 1796 | Hongli miaohao: Gaozong / shi: Chun huangdi nianhao 12 Feb 1736 - 8 Feb 1796: Qianlong | Qing dynasty |
| Dec 1786 - 10 Feb 1788 | Lin Shuangwen nianhao Dec 1786 - 10 Feb 1788: Shuntian | Qing dynasty |
| 9 Feb 1796 - 2 Sep 1820 | Yongyan miaohao: Renzong / shi: Rui huangdi nianhao 9 Feb 1796 - 2 Feb 1821: Jiaqing | Qing dynasty |
| Mar 1797 - 1797 | Li Shu (in rebellion) nianhao Mar 1797 - 1797: Daqing | Qing dynasty |
| 3 Oct 1820 - 25 Feb 1850 | Minning miaohao: Xuanzong / shi: Cheng huangdi nianhao 3 Feb 1821 - 31 Jan 1851: Daoguang | Qing dynasty |
| 9 Mar 1850 - 22 Aug 1861 | Yizhu miaohao: Wenzong / shi: Xian huangdi nianhao 1 Feb 1851 - 29 Jan 1862: Xianfeng | Qing dynasty |
| 11 Nov 1861 - 12 Jan 1875 | Zaichun miaohao: Muzong / shi: Yi huangdi nianhao 30 Jan 1862 - 5 Feb 1875: Tongzhi | Qing dynasty |
| 25 Feb 1875 - 14 Nov 1908 | Zaitian miaohao: Dezong / shi: Jing huangdi nianhao 6 Feb 1875 - 21 Jan 1909: Guangxu | Qing dynasty |
| 25 Feb 1875 - 4 Mar 1889 | Empress Dowager Cixi (f) | Qing dynasty |
| 2 Dec 1908 - 12 Feb 1912 | Puyi (1st time) nianhao 22 Jan 1909 - 12 Feb 1912: Xuantong | Qing dynasty |
| 2 Dec 1908 - 6 Dec 1911 | Zaifeng (regent) | Qing dynasty |
| 6 Dec 1911 - 12 Feb 1912 | Empress Dowager Longyu (f) | Qing dynasty |
| 1 Jul 1917 - 12 Jul 1917 | Puyi (2nd time) | Qing dynasty |
| 8 May 1911 - 1 Nov 1911 | Yikuang | Premiers |
| 2 Nov 1911 - Mar 1912 | Yuan Shikai | Premiers |
Taiping
| Date or term | Officeholder or event | Category |
|---|---|---|
| 11 Jan 1851 | Taiping tianguo (Heavenly Realm of Great Peace) inaugurated | Leaders |
| 25 Oct 1864 | extinguished by Qing empire | Leaders |
| 11 Jan 1851 - 1 Jun 1864 | Hong Xiuquan | Heavenly Kings |
| 1 Jun 1864 - 25 Oct 1864 | Hong Tianguifu | Heavenly Kings |
Shengping
| Date or term | Officeholder or event | Category |
|---|---|---|
| 9 Oct 1854 | Shengping tianguo (Heavenly Realm of Ascending Peace) inaugurated | Leaders |
| 24 Jul 1858 | extinguished by Qing empire | Leaders |
| 9 Oct 1854 - 24 Jul 1858 | Hu Youlu (to Oct 1855) + Zhu Hongying | Heavenly Kings |
Cheng
| Date or term | Officeholder or event | Category |
|---|---|---|
| 27 Sep 1855 | Great Cheng Realm inaugurated | Leaders |
| 21 Aug 1861 | extinguished by Qing empire | Leaders |
| 27 Sep 1855 - 21 Aug 1861 | Chen Kai (styled Ping Xun wang) + Li Wenmao (to 1858) | Kings |
Kashghar
| Date or term | Officeholder or event | Category |
|---|---|---|
| 1694 - 1720 | occupied by Dörben Oyirad | Leaders |
| Jul 1759 - May 1826 | occupied by Qing empire | Leaders |
| 1864 | detached from the Qing empire | Leaders |
| 1870 | polity renamed Jiti Shahar | Leaders |
| 28 Dec 1877 | reincorporated into Qing empire | Leaders |
| Khans (from 6 Dec 1873, Ami | r Khans) | Leaders |
| 1720 - 1754 | Daniyal Khwaja (2nd time) | Aqtalik dynasty |
| 1754 - 1757 | Yusuf ibn Daniyal | Aqtalik dynasty |
| 1757 | `Abd Allah Badshah Khwaja ibn Yusuf | Aqtalik dynasty |
| 1757 - Jul 1759 | Burhan ad-Din ibn Ahmad | Aqtalik dynasty |
| 1864 - Feb 1865 | Qutlugh Beg | Aqtalik dynasty |
| Feb 1865 - 1866 | Buzurg Khwaja ibn Jahangir Khan | Aqtalik dynasty |
| 1866 | Muhammad Amin ibn Jahangir Khan | Aqtalik dynasty |
| 1866 - 1867 | Buzurg Khwaja ibn Jahangir Khan | Aqtalik dynasty |
| 1867 - 29 May 1877 | Muhammad Ya`qub Beg ibn Pir Muhammad Mirza (b. c.1820 - d. 1877) | Ya`qub dynasty |
| 29 May 1877 - 28 Dec 1877 | Quli Beg ibn Muhammad Ya`qub Beg | Ya`qub dynasty |
Pingnan Guo
| Date or term | Officeholder or event | Category |
|---|---|---|
| 1856 - 26 Dec 1872 | Pingnan Guo ("Pacified South State") is a major Islamic rebellious polity in Yunnan province | Leaders |
| 1856 - 26 Dec 1872 | Sulayman ibn `Abd ar-Rahman | Qa´id Jami al-Muslimin (Leader of the Community of Muslims) |
Warlord China
| Date or term | Officeholder or event | Category |
|---|---|---|
| 1 Jan 1912 | Republic of China proclaimed | Leaders |
| 22 Dec 1915 | Empire of China | Leaders |
| 22 Mar 1916 | Republic of China | Leaders |
Warlord China
| Date or term | Officeholder or event | Category |
|---|---|---|
| 11 Oct 1911 - 30 Nov 1911 | Li Yuanhong | Hubei |
| 23 Oct 1911 - 31 Oct 1911 | Jiao Dafeng | Hunan |
| 31 Oct 1911 - 30 Nov 1911 | Tan Yankai | Hunan |
| 23 Oct 1911 - 30 Nov 1911 | Zhang Fenghui | Shaanxi |
| 24 Oct 1911 - 2 Nov 1911 | Ma Yubao | Jiangxi |
| 2 Nov 1911 - 12 Nov 1911 | Wu Jiezhang | Jiangxi |
| 12 Nov 1911 - 30 Nov 1911 | Peng Chengwan | Jiangxi |
| 29 Oct 1911 - 30 Nov 1911 | Yan Xishan | Shanxi |
| 30 Oct 1911 - 30 Nov 1911 | Cai E | Yunnan |
| 4 Nov 1911 - 30 Nov 1911 | Chen Qimei | Shanghai (actually called itself Military Government of the Republic of China) |
| 4 Nov 1911 - 30 Nov 1911 | Tang Shouqian | Zhejiang |
| 5 Nov 1911 - 30 Nov 1911 | Yang Jincheng | Guizhou |
| 5 Nov 1911 - 30 Nov 1911 | Cheng Dequan | Jiangsu |
| 8 Nov 1911 - 28 Nov 1911 | Zhu Jiabao | Anhui |
| 28 Nov 1911 - 30 Nov 1911 | Sun Yuyun | Anhui |
| 9 Nov 1911 - 30 Nov 1911 | Shen Bingkun | Guangxi |
| 9 Nov 1911 - 30 Nov 1911 | Sun Daoren | Fujian |
| 9 Nov 1911 - 30 Nov 1911 | Hu Hanmin | Guangdong |
| 13 Nov 1911 - 30 Nov 1911 | Sun Baoqi | Shandong |
| 22 Nov 1911 - 27 Nov 1911 | Zhang Peijue | Sichuan |
| 27 Nov 1911 - 30 Nov 1911 | Pu Dianjun | Sichuan |
| 30 Nov 1911 - 31 Dec 1911 | Li Yuanhong | Military governor (Central Military Government of the Republic of China) |
| 1 Jan 1912 - 10 Mar 1912 | Sun Yat-sen (provisional) | Presidents |
| 10 Mar 1912 - 22 Dec 1915 | Yuan Shikai (1st time) | Presidents |
| 22 Dec 1915 - 22 Mar 1916 | Yuan Shikai nianhao 1 Jan - 22 Mar 1916: Hongxian | Emperor |
Warlord China
| Date or term | Officeholder or event | Category |
|---|---|---|
| 22 Mar 1916 - 6 Jun 1916 | Yuan Shikai (2nd time) | Presidents |
| 7 Jun 1916 - 1 Jul 1917 | Li Yuanhong (1st time) | Presidents |
| 1 Jul 1917 - 12 Jul 1917 | brief restoration of Great Qing Empire (see above) | Presidents |
| 12 Jul 1917 - 17 Jul 1917 | Li Yuanhong (2nd time) | Presidents |
| 17 Jul 1917 - 10 Oct 1918 | Feng Guozhang | Presidents |
| 10 Oct 1918 - 2 Jun 1922 | Xu Shichang | Presidents |
| 2 Jun 1922 - 11 Jun 1922 | Zhou Ziqi (acting) | Presidents |
| 11 Jun 1922 - 13 Jun 1923 | Li Yuanhong (3rd time) | Presidents |
| 13 Jun 1923 - 9 Sep 1923 | Zhang Shaozeng (acting) | Presidents |
| 9 Sep 1923 - 10 Oct 1923 | Gao Lingwei (acting) | Presidents |
| 10 Oct 1923 - 2 Nov 1924 | Cao Kun | Presidents |
| 2 Nov 1924 - 24 Nov 1924 | Huang Fu (acting) | Presidents |
| 24 Nov 1924 - 20 Apr 1926 | Duan Qirui | Presidents |
| 20 Apr 1926 - 13 May 1926 | Hu Weide (acting) | Presidents |
| 13 May 1926 - 22 Jun 1926 | Yan Huiqing (acting) | Presidents |
| 22 Jun 1926 - 1 Oct 1926 | Du Xigui (acting) | Presidents |
| 1 Oct 1926 - 18 Jun 1927 | Gu Weijun (acting) | Presidents |
| 18 Jun 1927 - 2 Jun 1928 | Zhang Zuolin | Presidents |
| 13 Mar 1912 - 27 Jun 1912 | Tang Shaoyi | Premiers |
| 29 Jun 1912 - 25 Sep 1912 | Lu Zhengxiang | Premiers |
| 25 Sep 1912 - 1 May 1913 | Zhao Bingjun | Premiers |
| 1 May 1913 - 31 Jul 1913 | Duan Qirui (acting) | Premiers |
| 31 Jul 1913 - 12 Feb 1914 | Xiong Xiling | Premiers |
| 12 Feb 1914 - 1 May 1914 | Sun Baoqi (acting) | Premiers |
| 1 May 1914 - Dec 1915 | Xu Shichang (1st time) | Secretaries of state |
| Dec 1915 - 22 Mar 1916 | Lu Zhengxiang (acting) | Secretaries of state |
| 22 Mar 1916 - 23 Apr 1916 | Xu Shichang (2nd time) | Secretaries of state |
| 23 Apr 1916 - 29 Jun 1916 | Duan Qirui | Secretaries of state |
| 29 Jun 1916 - 23 May 1917 | Duan Qirui (1st time) | Premiers |
| 23 May 1917 - 28 May 1917 | Wu Tingfang (acting) | Premiers |
| 28 May 1917 - 2 Jun 1917 | Li Jingxi (1st time) | Premiers |
| 2 Jun 1917 - 12 Jun 1917 | Xu Shichang | Premiers |
| 12 Jun 1917 - 24 Jun 1917 | Jiang Chaozong (acting) | Premiers |
| 24 Jun 1917 - 1 Jul 1917 | Li Jingxi (2nd time) | Premiers |
| 14 Jul 1917 - 30 Nov 1917 | Duan Qirui (2nd time) | Premiers |
| 30 Nov 1917 - 23 Mar 1918 | Weng Shizhen (acting) | Premiers |
| 23 Mar 1918 - 10 Oct 1918 | Duan Qirui (3rd time) | Premiers |
| 10 Oct 1918 - 13 Jun 1919 | Qian Nengxun | Premiers |
| 13 Jun 1919 - 24 Sep 1919 | Gong Xinzhan (acting) | Premiers |
| 24 Sep 1919 - 14 May 1920 | Jin Yunpeng (1st time) | Premiers |
| 14 May 1920 - 9 Aug 1920 | Sa Zhenbing (acting) | Premiers |
| 9 Aug 1920 - 18 Dec 1921 | Jin Yunpeng (2nd time) (acting) | Premiers |
| 18 Dec 1921 - 24 Dec 1921 | Yan Huiqing (1st time) | Premiers |
| 24 Dec 1921 - 25 Jan 1922 | Liang Shiyi | Premiers |
| 25 Jan 1922 - 8 Apr 1922 | Yan Huiqing (2nd time) (acting) | Premiers |
| 8 Apr 1922 - 11 Jun 1922 | Zhou Ziqi (acting) | Premiers |
| 11 Jun 1922 - 5 Aug 1922 | Yan Huiqing (3rd time) | Premiers |
| 5 Aug 1922 - 29 Nov 1922 | Wang Chonghui (acting) | Premiers |
| 29 Nov 1922 - 11 Dec 1922 | Wang Daxie | Premiers |
| 11 Dec 1922 - 4 Jan 1923 | Wang Zhengting | Premiers |
| 4 Jan 1923 - 9 Sep 1923 | Zhang Shaozeng | Premiers |
| 9 Sep 1923 - 12 Jan 1924 | Gao Lingwei (acting) | Premiers |
| 12 Jan 1924 - 14 Sep 1924 | Sun Baoqi | Premiers |
| 14 Sep 1924 - 31 Oct 1924 | Yan Huiqing (4th time) | Premiers |
| 2 Nov 1924 - 24 Nov 1924 | Huang Fu (acting) | Premiers |
| 26 Dec 1925 - 4 Mar 1926 | Xu Shiying | Premiers |
| 4 Mar 1926 - 20 Apr 1926 | Jia Deyao | Premiers |
| 20 Apr 1926 - 13 May 1926 | Hu Weide (acting) | Premiers |
| 13 May 1926 - 22 Jun 1926 | Yan Huiqing (5th time) | Premiers |
| 22 Jun 1926 - 1 Oct 1926 | Du Xigui (acting) | Premiers |
| 1 Oct 1926 - 18 Jun 1927 | Gu Weijun (acting) | Premiers |
| 18 Jun 1927 - 2 Jun 1928 | Pan Fu | Premiers |
"Independent" military governments in 1913
| Date or term | Officeholder or event | Category |
|---|---|---|
| 15 Jul 1913 - 29 Jul 1913 | Cheng Dequan | Jiangsu |
| 17 Jul 1913 - 7 Aug 1913 | Bo Wenwei | Anhui |
| 18 Jul 1913 - 3 Aug 1913 | Chen Jiongming | Guangdong |
| 25 Jul 1913 - 13 Aug 1913 | Tan Yankai | Hunan |
"Independent" military governments in 1916
| Date or term | Officeholder or event | Category |
|---|---|---|
| 1 Jan 1916 - 8 May 1916 | Tang Jiyao | Yunnan |
| 27 Jan 1916 - 8 May 1916 | Liu Xianshi | Guizhou |
| 15 Mar 1916 - 8 May 1916 | Lu Rongting | Guangxi |
| 6 Apr 1916 - 8 May 1916 | Long Jiguang | Guangdong |
| 12 Apr 1916 - 8 May 1916 | Lu Gongwang | Zhejiang |
"Independent" military governments in 1916
| Date or term | Officeholder or event | Category |
|---|---|---|
| 8 May 1916 - 14 Jul 1916 | Tang Jiyao | Chairman of the Military Affairs Council |
"Independent" military governments in 1917
| Date or term | Officeholder or event | Category |
|---|---|---|
| 29 May 1917 - 22 Jun 1917 | Ni Sichong | Anhui |
| 29 May 1917 - 22 Jun 1917 | Chen Shufan | Shaanxi |
| May 1917 - 22 Jun 1917 | Zhang Zuolin | Fengtian |
| May 1917 - 22 Jun 1917 | Zhang Huaizhi | Shandong |
| May 1917 - 22 Jun 1917 | Li Houji | Fujian |
| May 1917 - 22 Jun 1917 | Zhao Ti | Henan |
| May 1917 - 22 Jun 1917 | Yang Shande | Zhejiang |
| May 1917 - 22 Jun 1917 | Cao Kun | Zhili |
Nationalist China
| Date or term | Officeholder or event | Category |
|---|---|---|
| 10 Sep 1917 - 5 Jul 1918 | Sun Yat-sen | Generalissimo of the Military Government |
| 5 Jul 1918 - 21 Aug 1918 | Governing Committee of the Military Government - Sun Yat-sen (s.a.) - Tang Shaoyi (s.a.) - Wu Tingfang (s.a.) - Cen Chunxuan (b. 1861 - d. 1933) - Lu Rongting (s.a.) - Tang Jiyao (s.a.) - Lin Baoyi (b. 1863 - d. 1927) | Generalissimo of the Military Government |
| 21 Aug 1918 - 24 Oct 1920 | Cen Chunxuan | Generalissimo of the Military Government |
| 24 Oct 1920 - 4 May 1921 | Governing Committee of the Military Government - Sun Yat-sen (s.a.) - Tang Shaoyi (s.a.) - Wu Tingfang (s.a.) - Tang Jiyao (s.a.) | Generalissimo of the Military Government |
| 5 May 1921 - 29 Jun 1922 | Sun Yat-sen | Extraordinary President |
| 2 Mar 1923 - 12 Mar 1925 | Sun Yat-sen | Generalissimos of the National Government |
| 12 Mar 1925 - 1 Jul 1925 | Hu Hanmin (acting) | Generalissimos of the National Government |
| 1 Jul 1925 - 15 Apr 1926 | Wang Jingwei | Chairmen of the National Government |
| 16 Apr 1926 - 29 Mar 1927 | Tan Yankai | Chairmen of the National Government |
| 20 Mar 1927 - 13 Sep 1927 | Wang Jingwei (at Wuhan) | Chairmen of the Standing Committee of the National Government |
| 17 Sep 1927 - 10 Oct 1928 | Tan Yankai | Chairmen of the Standing Committee of the National Government |
| 10 Oct 1928 - 15 Dec 1931 | Chiang Kai-shek (1st time) | Chairmen of the National Government |
| 15 Dec 1931 - 1 Aug 1943 | Lin Sen (acting to 1 Jan 1932) | Chairmen of the National Government |
| 1 Aug 1943 - 20 May 1948 | Chiang Kai-shek (2nd time) | Chairmen of the National Government |
| 20 May 1948 - 21 Jan 1949 | Chiang Kai-shek | Presidents |
| 21 Jan 1949 - 1 Mar 1950 | Li Zongren (acting¹) | Presidents |
| 10 Oct 1928 - 22 Sep 1930 | Tan Yankai | Presidents of the Executive Yuan (premiers) |
| Sep 1930 - 4 Dec 1930 | Song Ziwen (1st time) (acting) | Presidents of the Executive Yuan (premiers) |
| 4 Dec 1930 - 15 Dec 1931 | Chiang Kai-shek (1st time) | Presidents of the Executive Yuan (premiers) |
| 15 Dec 1931 - 28 Dec 1931 | Chen Mingshu (acting) | Presidents of the Executive Yuan (premiers) |
| 28 Dec 1931 - 28 Jan 1932 | Sun Fo (1st time) | Presidents of the Executive Yuan (premiers) |
| 28 Jan 1932 - 7 Dec 1935 | Wang Jingwei | Presidents of the Executive Yuan (premiers) |
| 7 Dec 1935 - 1 Jan 1938 | Chiang Kai-shek (2nd time) | Presidents of the Executive Yuan (premiers) |
| 1 Jan 1938 - 20 Nov 1939 | Kong Xiangxi | Presidents of the Executive Yuan (premiers) |
| 20 Nov 1939 - 31 May 1945 | Chiang Kai-shek (3rd time) | Presidents of the Executive Yuan (premiers) |
| 31 May 1945 - 1 Mar 1947 | Song Ziwen (2nd time) | Presidents of the Executive Yuan (premiers) |
| 1 Mar 1947 - 18 Apr 1947 | Chiang Kai-shek (4th time) | Presidents of the Executive Yuan (premiers) |
| 18 Apr 1947 - 24 May 1948 | Zhang Qun | Presidents of the Executive Yuan (premiers) |
| 24 May 1948 - 26 Nov 1948 | Weng Wenhao | Presidents of the Executive Yuan (premiers) |
| 26 Nov 1948 - 12 Mar 1949 | Sun Fo (2nd time) | Presidents of the Executive Yuan (premiers) |
| 12 Mar 1949 - 3 Jun 1949 | He Yingqin | Presidents of the Executive Yuan (premiers) |
| 3 Jun 1949 - 7 Mar 1950 | Yan Xishan | Presidents of the Executive Yuan (premiers) |
Alternative governments of the Republic of China
| Date or term | Officeholder or event | Category |
|---|---|---|
| 18 Apr 1927 - 15 Aug 1927 | Chiang Kai-shek | Chairmen of the Standing Committee of the National Government (at Nanjing) |
| 26 Aug 1927 - 15 Sep 1927 | Tan Yankai | Chairmen of the Standing Committee of the National Government (at Nanjing) |
| 1 Sep 1930 - 31 Oct 1930 | Yan Xishan | Chairman of the Committee of the National Government (at Beiping) |
| 1 Jul 1931 - 1 Jan 1932 | Wang Jingwei | Chairman of the National Government (at Guangzhou) |
| 21 Nov 1933 - 21 Jan 1934 | Li Jishen | Chairman of the People's Government (at Fuzhou) |
Alternative governments of the Republic of China
| Date or term | Officeholder or event | Category |
|---|---|---|
| 14 Dec 1937 - 30 Mar 1940 | Wang Kemin | Acting chairman of the Provisional National Government (at Beiping) |
| 28 Mar 1938 - 30 Mar 1940 | Liang Hongzhi | Acting chairman of the Reformed National Government (at Nanjing) |
| 30 Mar 1940 - 10 Nov 1944 | Wang Jingwei (acting to 1940) | Chairmen of the National Government (at Nanjing) |
| 20 Nov 1944 - Aug 1945 | Chen Gongbo (acting) | Chairmen of the National Government (at Nanjing) |
East Turkestan
| Date or term | Officeholder or event | Category |
|---|---|---|
| 12 Dec 1933 - 6 Feb 1934 | Islamic Republic of Eastern Turkestan (in rebellion) | Leaders |
| 12 Nov 1944 - 16 Jun 1946 | East Turkestan Republic (in rebellion) | Leaders |
| 12 Dec 1933 - 6 Feb 1934 | Xoca Niyaz Haci | Presidents |
| 12 Nov 1944 - 16 Jun 1946 | Alikhan Tore | Presidents |
Communist China
| Date or term | Officeholder or event | Category |
|---|---|---|
| 1 Oct 1949 | People's Republic of China | Leaders |
Communist China
| Date or term | Officeholder or event | Category |
|---|---|---|
| 8 Jan 1935 - 9 Sep 1976 | Mao Zedong | Chairmen of the Communist Party of China |
| 7 Oct 1976 - 29 Jun 1981 | Hua Guofeng | Chairmen of the Communist Party of China |
| 29 Jun 1981 - 12 Sep 1982 | Hu Yaobang | Chairmen of the Communist Party of China |
| 29 Feb 1980 - 16 Jan 1987 | Hu Yaobang | General secretaries (top party post from 12 Sep 1982) |
| 16 Jan 1987 - 24 Jun 1989 | Zhao Ziyang (acting to 2 Nov 1987) | General secretaries (top party post from 12 Sep 1982) |
| 24 Jun 1989 - 15 Nov 2002 | Jiang Zemin | General secretaries (top party post from 12 Sep 1982) |
| 15 Nov 2002 - | Hu Jintao | General secretaries (top party post from 12 Sep 1982) |
| 1 Dec 1931 - 15 Oct 1934 | Mao Zedong | Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Republic of China |
| 19 Aug 1948 - 1 Oct 1949 | Dong Biwu | Chairman of the People's Government of North China |
| 27 Aug 1949 - 1 Oct 1949 | Gao Gang | Chairman of the People's Government of the North-East |
| 1 Oct 1949 - 27 Sep 1954 | Mao Zedong | Chairman of the Central People's Government |
| 27 Sep 1954 - 27 Apr 1959 | Mao Zedong | Chairmen² |
| 27 Apr 1959 - 31 Oct 1968 | Liu Shaoqi | Chairmen² |
| 31 Oct 1968 - 24 Feb 1972 | Dong Biwu + Song Qingling (f) (acting) (b. 1893 - d. 1981) | Chairmen² |
| 24 Feb 1972 - 17 Jan 1975 | Dong Biwu (acting) | Chairmen² |
| 17 Jan 1975 - 6 Jul 1976 | Zhu De | Chairmen of the Permanent Standing Committee of the National People's Congress |
| 6 Jul 1976 - 5 Mar 1978 | vacant³ | Chairmen of the Permanent Standing Committee of the National People's Congress |
| 5 Mar 1978 - 18 Jun 1983 | Ye Jianying | Chairmen of the Permanent Standing Committee of the National People's Congress |
| 18 Jun 1983 - 8 Apr 1988 | Li Xiannian | Presidents² |
| 8 Apr 1988 - 27 Mar 1993 | Yang Shangkun | Presidents² |
| 27 Mar 1993 - 15 Mar 2003 | Jiang Zemin | Presidents² |
| 15 Mar 2003 - | Hu Jintao | Presidents² |
| 1 Oct 1949 - 8 Jan 1976 | Zhou Enlai | Premiers |
| 4 Feb 1976 - 10 Sep 1980 | Hua Guofeng (acting to 7 Apr 1976) | Premiers |
| 10 Sep 1980 - 24 Nov 1987 | Zhao Ziyang | Premiers |
| 24 Nov 1987 - 17 Mar 1998 | Li Peng (acting to 9 Apr 1988) | Premiers |
| 17 Mar 1998 - 16 Mar 2003 | Zhu Rongji | Premiers |
| 16 Mar 2003 - | Wen Jiabao | Premiers |
Manchukuo
| Date or term | Officeholder or event | Category |
|---|---|---|
| 9 Mar 1932 | Great Manchu State | Leaders |
| 1 Mar 1934 | Great Manchu Empire | Leaders |
| 9 Mar 1932 - 1 Mar 1934 | Puyi (nianhao: Datong) | Chief Executive |
| 1 Mar 1934 - 15 Aug 1945 | Puyi (nianhao: Kangde) | Emperor |
| 9 Mar 1932 - 21 May 1935 | Zheng Xiaoxu | Premiers |
| 21 May 1935 - 15 Aug 1945 | Zhang Jinghui | Premiers |
Tibet
| Date or term | Officeholder or event | Category |
|---|---|---|
| 7 Oct 1950 | occupied by China | Leaders |
| 23 May 1951 | annexed by China | Leaders |
| 11 Jan 1740 - 12 Mar 1747 | Pho-lha-nas bSod-nams-stobs-rgyas "Mi-dbang Pho-lha" (b. ... - d. 1747) | Secular rulers (title Junwang, usually translated king) |
| 1747 - 11 Nov 1750 | Pho-lha-nas 'Gyur-med-rnam-rgyal "Ta-la'i-ba-dur" (b. ... - d. 1750) | Secular rulers (title Junwang, usually translated king) |
| 8 Dec 1697 - 27 Jun 1706 | Rin-chen-blo-bzang-rig-'dzins- tshangs-dbyangs-rgya-mtsho | Dalai Lamas |
| 27 Jun 1706 - 1707 | vacant | Dalai Lamas |
| 1707 - 1717 | Ngag-dbang-ye-shes-rgya-mtsho | Dalai Lamas |
| 1717 - 1720 | sTag-rtse-zhabs-drung (regent) | Dalai Lamas |
| 16 Oct 1720 - 22 Mar 1757 | rGyal-dbang-blo-bzang-bskal- bzang-rgya-mtsho (7th Dalai Lama) (b. 1708 - d. 1757) | Dalai Lamas |
| 22 Mar 1757 - 29 Apr 1757 | Council of Ministers | Dalai Lamas |
| 29 Apr 1757 - 28 Aug 1762 | De-mo sprul-sku Ngag-dbang-'jam- dpal-bde-legs-rgya-mtsho (regent) (b. ... - d. 1770) | Dalai Lamas |
| 28 Aug 1762 - 19 Nov 1804 | Blo-bzang-'jam-dpal-rgya-mtsho | Dalai Lamas |
| 1804 - 5 Mar 1808 | Kun-bde-gling rTa-tshag-rje-drung- sprul-sku Ye-shes-blo-bzang-bstan- pa'i-mgon-po (regent) (b. ... - d. 1810) | Dalai Lamas |
| 5 Mar 1808 - 26 Mar 1815 | Blo-bzang-lung-rtogs-rgya-mtsho | Dalai Lamas |
| 1815 - 28 Mar 1819 | De-mo sPrul-sku Blo-bzang-thub- bstan-'jigs-med-rgya-mtsho (b. ... - d. 1819) | Dalai Lamas |
| 30 Mar 1819 - 6 Feb 1822 | mTsho-smon-gling sPrul-sku Ngag-dbang-'jam-dpal-tshul-khrims | Dalai Lamas |
| 6 Feb 1822 - 30 Sep 1837 | Blo-bzang-tshul-khrims-rgya-mtsho | Dalai Lamas |
| 30 Sep 1837 - 29 Sep 1841 | mTsho-smon-gling sPrul-sku Ngag-dbang-'jam-dpal-tshul-khrims | Dalai Lamas |
| 29 Sep 1841 - 31 Jan 1856 | Blo-bzang-mkhas'-grub-rgya-mtsho | Dalai Lamas |
| 31 Jan 1856 - 1856 | Council of Ministers | Dalai Lamas |
| 1856 - 26 Feb 1858 | Rva-sgreng sPrul-sku Ngag-dbang- ye-shes-tshul-khrims-rgyal-mtshan (b. ... - d. 1888) | Dalai Lamas |
| 26 Feb 1858 - 25 Apr 1875 | Ngag-dbang-blo-bzang-'phrin-las- rgya-mtsho (12th Dalai Lama) (b. 1856 - d. 1875) | Dalai Lamas |
| 25 Apr 1875 - 1875 | Council of Ministers | Dalai Lamas |
| 1875 - 12 Feb 1878 | Kun-bde-gling sPrul-sku rTa-tshag- rje-drung-ngag-dbang-dpal-ldan- chos-kyi-rgyal-mtshan (regent) | Dalai Lamas |
| 12 Feb 1878 - 17 Dec 1933 | Ngag-dbang-blo-bzang-thub-bstan- rgya-mtsho-'jigs-bral-dbang-phyug- phyogs-las-rnam-rgyal | Dalai Lamas |
| 17 Dec 1933 - Jan 1934 | Council of Ministers | Dalai Lamas |
| Jan 1934 - 25 Aug 1939 | Rva-sgreng sPrul-sku Thub-bstan- 'jam-dpal-ye-shes-rgyal-mtshan (b. 1911 - d. 1947) | Dalai Lamas |
| 25 Aug 1939 - | rJe-btsun-'Jam-dpal-ngag-dbang- blo-bzang-ye-shes-bstan-'dzin- rgya-mtsho (14th Dalai Lama) (b. 1935) | Dalai Lamas |
| 1960 - 19.. | Zurkhang Ngawang Gelek | Chairmen of the Cabinet (Kalon Tripa) (in exile) |
| 19.. - 19.. | Shenkha Gurmey Topgyal | Chairmen of the Cabinet (Kalon Tripa) (in exile) |
| 19.. - 19.. | Garang Lobsang Rigzin | Chairmen of the Cabinet (Kalon Tripa) (in exile) |
| 19.. - 19.. | Kunling Woeser Gyaltsen | Chairmen of the Cabinet (Kalon Tripa) (in exile) |
| 19.. - 19.. | Wangdue Dorji | Chairmen of the Cabinet (Kalon Tripa) (in exile) |
| 19.. - May 1990 | Juchen Thupten Namgyal | Chairmen of the Cabinet (Kalon Tripa) (in exile) |
| May 1990 - Aug 1991 | Kelsang Yeshi (1st time) | Chairmen of the Cabinet (Kalon Tripa) (in exile) |
| Aug 1991 - Feb 1993 | Gyalo Thondup | Chairmen of the Cabinet (Kalon Tripa) (in exile) |
| Feb 1993 - 4 Jun 1996 | Tenzin Namgyal Tethong | Chairmen of the Cabinet (Kalon Tripa) (in exile) |
| 4 Jun 1996 - Apr 1997 | Kelsang Yeshi (2nd time) | Chairmen of the Cabinet (Kalon Tripa) (in exile) |
| Apr 1997 - 5 Sep 2001 | Sonam Topgyal | Chairmen of the Cabinet (Kalon Tripa) (in exile) |
| 5 Sep 2001 - | Samdhong Rinpoche | Chairmen of the Cabinet (Kalon Tripa) (in exile) |
Hong Kong
| Date or term | Officeholder or event | Category |
|---|---|---|
| 26 Jan 1841 | British occupation of Hong Kong Island | Leaders |
| 29 Aug 1842 | China cedes Hong Kong Island to Britain | Leaders |
| 26 Jun 1843 | British crown colony | Leaders |
| 1860 | Kowloon Peninsula and Stonecutters Island ceded by China | Leaders |
| 1 Jul 1898 | New Territories leased from China for 99 years | Leaders |
| 3 Sep 1926 | official spelling changed from Hongkong to Hong Kong | Leaders |
| 25 Dec 1941 - 16 Aug 1945 | Japanese occupation | Leaders |
| 1 Jul 1997 | return of the whole colony to China as a special administrative region | Leaders |
| 26 Jan 1841 - 12 Aug 1841 | Charles Elliot | Administrators |
| 22 Jun 1841 - 26 Jun 1843 | Alexander Robert Johnston | Administrators |
| 12 Aug 1841 - 26 Jun 1843 | Sir Henry Pottinger | Administrators |
| 26 Jun 1843 - 8 May 1844 | Sir Henry Pottinger | Governors |
| 8 May 1844 - 18 Mar 1848 | Sir John Francis Davis | Governors |
| 21 Mar 1848 - 12 Apr 1854 | Sir Samuel George Bonham | Governors |
| 13 Apr 1854 - 5 May 1859 | Sir John Bowring | Governors |
| 9 Sep 1859 - 15 Mar 1865 | Sir Hercules Robinson | Governors |
| 15 Mar 1865 - 11 Mar 1866 | William T. Mercer (acting) | Governors |
| 11 Mar 1866 - 16 Apr 1872 | Sir Richard Graves MacDonnell | Governors |
| 16 Apr 1872 - 1 Mar 1877 | Sir Arthur Edward Kennedy | Governors |
| 22 Apr 1877 - 7 Mar 1882 | Sir John Pope Hennessy | Governors |
| Mar 1882 - 30 Mar 1883 | Sir William Henry Marsh (1st time) | Governors |
| 30 Mar 1883 - Dec 1885 | Sir George Ferguson Bowen | Governors |
| Dec 1885 - May 1887 | Sir William Henry Marsh (2nd time) | Governors |
| May 1887 - 6 Oct 1887 | William Gordon Cameron (acting) | Governors |
| 6 Oct 1887 - May 1891 | Sir William Des Voeux | Governors |
| May 1891 - 10 Dec 1891 | Digby Barker (acting) | Governors |
| 10 Dec 1891 - Feb 1898 | Sir William Robinson | Governors |
| Feb 1898 - 25 Nov 1898 | Wilsone Black (acting) | Governors |
| 25 Nov 1898 - Jul 1903 | Sir Henry Arthur Blake | Governors |
| Nov 1903 - 29 Jul 1904 | Francis Henry May (1st time) | Governors |
| 29 Jul 1904 - Apr 1907 | Sir Matthew Nathan | Governors |
| Apr 1907 - 29 Jul 1907 | Francis Henry May (2nd time) | Governors |
| 29 Jul 1907 - Mar 1912 | Sir Frederick Lugard | Governors |
| Mar 1912 - 24 Jul 1912 | Claud Severn (1st time) (acting) | Governors |
| 24 Jul 1912 - Feb 1919 | Sir Francis Henry May (3rd time) | Governors |
| Feb 1919 - 30 Sep 1919 | Claud Severn (2nd time) (acting) | Governors |
| 30 Sep 1919 - Oct 1925 | Sir Reginald Edward Stubbs | Governors |
| 1 Nov 1925 - Feb 1930 | Sir Cecil Clementi | Governors |
| Feb 1930 - 9 May 1930 | Thomas Southorn (1st time) | Governors |
| 9 May 1930 - May 1935 | Sir William Peel | Governors |
| May 1935 - Sep 1935 | Sir Thomas Southorn (2nd time) | Governors |
| Sep 1935 - Nov 1935 | Norman Lockhart Smith (1st time) | Governors |
| Nov 1935 - 12 Dec 1935 | Sir Thomas Southorn (3rd time) | Governors |
| 12 Dec 1935 - Apr 1937 | Sir Andrew Caldecott | Governors |
| Apr 1937 - 28 Oct 1937 | Norman Lockhart Smith (2nd time) | Governors |
| 28 Oct 1937 - Sep 1941 | Sir Geoffry Northcote | Governors |
| Apr 1940 - Aug 1940 | Norman Lockhart Smith | Governors |
| Aug 1940 - Mar 1941 | Edward Felix Norton | Governors |
| Sep 1941 - May 1947 | Sir Mark Young | Governors |
| 25 Dec 1941 - 20 Feb 1942 | Takashi Sakai + Masaichi Niimi (b. 1887 - d. 1993) | Governors |
| 20 Feb 1942 - 24 Dec 1944 | Rensuke Isogai | Governors |
| 1 Feb 1945 - 16 Aug 1945 | Hisaichi Tanaka | Governors |
| 28 Aug 1945 - 30 Aug 1945 | Franklin Charles Gimson | Governors |
| 1 Sep 1945 - 1 May 1946 | Sir Cecil Harcourt | Governors |
| May 1947 - 25 Jul 1947 | David Mercer MacDougall (acting) | Governors |
| 25 Jul 1947 - Dec 1957 | Sir Alexander Grantham | Governors |
| Dec 1957 - 23 Jan 1958 | Edgeworth Beresford David (acting) | Governors |
| 23 Jan 1958 - Mar 1964 | Sir Robert Black | Governors |
| Mar 1964 - 14 Apr 1964 | Edmund Brinsley Teesdale (acting) | Governors |
| 14 Apr 1964 - Oct 1971 | Sir David Trench | Governors |
| Oct 1971 - 19 Nov 1971 | Sir Hugh Selby Norman-Walker | Governors |
| 19 Nov 1971 - Apr 1982 | Sir Murray MacLehose | Governors |
| Apr 1982 - 20 May 1982 | Sir Philip Haddon-Cave (acting) | Governors |
| 20 May 1982 - 4 Dec 1986 | Sir Edward Youde | Governors |
| 4 Dec 1986 - 9 Apr 1987 | Sir David Akers-Jones (acting) | Governors |
| 9 Apr 1987 - 9 Jul 1992 | Sir David Wilson (from 14 Feb 1992, David Wilson, Baron Wilson of Tillyorn) (b. 1935) | Governors |
| 9 Jul 1992 - 30 Jun 1997 | Chris Patten | Governors |
| 1 Jul 1997 - 12 Mar 2005 | Tung Chee-hwa | Chief executives |
| 12 Mar 2005 - 1 Jun 2005 | Donald Tsang (1st time) (acting) | Chief executives |
| 1 Jun 2005 - 24 Jun 2005 | Henry Tang (acting) | Chief executives |
| 24 Jun 2005 - | Donald Tsang (2nd time) | Chief executives |
Macau
| Date or term | Officeholder or event | Category |
|---|---|---|
| 1553 | first Portuguese settlement at Macau | Leaders |
| 1851 | Portuguese occupy Taipa Island | Leaders |
| 1864 | Portuguese occupy Coloane Island | Leaders |
| 1887 | China recognizes Portuguese rule (renounced 1928) | Leaders |
| 1951 | status changed from colony to overseas province | Leaders |
| 20 Dec 1999 | return to China as a special administrative region | Leaders |
| 9 Aug 1698 - 1700 | Pedro Vaz de Sequeira (1st time) | Governors |
| 5 Aug 1700 - 1702 | Diogo de Melo Sampaio | Governors |
| 22 Jul 1702 - 1703 | Pedro Vaz de Sequeira (2nd time) | Governors |
| 15 Aug 1703 - 1706 | José da Gama Machado | Governors |
| 5 Aug 1706 - 1710 | Diogo do Pinho Teixeira | Governors |
| 28 Jul 1710 - 1711 | Francisco de Melo e Castro | Governors |
| 11 Jun 1711 - 1714 | António de Sequeira de Noronha | Governors |
| 18 Jul 1714 - 1718 | Francisco de Alarcão de Souto-Maior | Governors |
| 30 May 1718 - 1719 | António de Albuquerque Coelho | Governors |
| 9 Sep 1719 - 1722 | António da Silva Telo e Meneses | Governors |
| 19 Aug 1722 - 1724 | Cristóvão de Severim Manuel | Governors |
| 6 Sep 1724 - 1727 | António Carneiro de Alcáçova | Governors |
| 11 Aug 1727 - 1732 | António Moniz Barreto | Governors |
| 18 Aug 1732 - 1735 | António do Amaral Meneses | Governors |
| 15 Jan 1735 - 1735 | João do Casal | Governors |
| 4 Aug 1735 - 1738 | Cosme Damião Pinto Pereira (1st time) | Governors |
| 25 Aug 1738 - 1743 | Manuel Pereira Coutinho | Governors |
| 25 Aug 1743 - 1747 | Cosme Damião Pinto Pereira (2nd time) | Governors |
| 30 Aug 1747 - 1749 | António José Teles de Meneses | Governors |
| 2 Aug 1749 - 1752 | João Manuel de Melo | Governors |
| 29 Jul 1752 - 1755 | Rodrigo de Castro (1st time) | Governors |
| 14 Jul 1755 - 1758 | Francisco António Pereira Coutinho | Governors |
| 1 Jul 1758 - 1761 | Diogo Pereira | Governors |
| 4 Jul 1761 - 1764 | António de Mendonça Corte-Real | Governors |
| 14 Jul 1764 - 1767 | José Plácido de Matos Saraiva | Governors |
| 19 Aug 1767 - 1770 | Diogo Fernandes Salema e Saldanha | Governors |
| 29 Jul 1770 - 1771 | Rodrigo de Castro (2nd time) | Governors |
| 26 Jul 1771 - 1777 | Diogo Fernandes Salema e Saldanha | Governors |
| 27 Jan 1777 - 1778 | Alexandre da Silva Pedrosa Guimarães | Governors |
| 1 Aug 1778 - 1780 | João Vicente da Silveira e Meneses | Governors |
| 5 Jan 1780 - 1781 | António José da Costa | Governors |
| 28 Aug 1781 - 1783 | Francisco de Castro | Governors |
| 18 Aug 1783 - 1788 | Bernardo Aleixo de Lemos e Faria | Governors |
| 21 Jul 1788 - 1789 | Francisco Xavier de Mendonça Corte-Real | Governors |
| 18 Jul 1789 - 1790 | Lázaro da Silva Ferreira | Governors |
| 29 Jul 1790 - 1793 | Vasco Luís Carneiro de Sousa e Faro | Governors |
| 27 Jul 1793 - 1797 | José Manuel Pinto (1st time) | Governors |
| 8 Aug 1797 - 1800 | Cristóvão Pereira de Castro | Governors |
| 8 Aug 1800 - 1803 | José Manuel Pinto (2nd time) | Governors |
| 8 Aug 1803 - 1806 | Caetano de Sousa Pereira | Governors |
| 8 Aug 1806 - 1808 | Bernardo Aleixo de Lemos e Faria | Governors |
| 26 Dec 1808 - 1810 | Lucas José de Alvarenga (1st time) | Governors |
| 19 Jul 1810 - 1814 | Bernardo Aleixo de Lemos Faria | Governors |
| 19 Jul 1814 - 1817 | Lucas José de Alvarenga (2nd time) | Governors |
| 19 Jul 1817 - 1822 | José Onório de Castro e Albuquerque | Governors |
| 19 Aug 1822 - 1823 | Paulino da Silva Barbosa | Governors |
| 23 Sep 1823 - 1825 | Government Council | Governors |
| 28 Jul 1825 - 1827 | Joaquim Mourão Garcês Palha | Governors |
| 15 Nov 1827 - 1830 | Government Council | Governors |
| 7 Jul 1830 - 1833 | João Cabral de Estefique | Governors |
| 3 Jul 1833 - 1837 | Bernardo José de Sousa Soares de Andrea | Governors |
| 22 Feb 1837 - 1843 | Adrião Acácio da Silveira Pinto | Governors |
| 3 Oct 1843 - 1846 | José Gregório Pegado | Governors |
| 21 Apr 1846 - 22 Aug 1849 | João Maria Ferreira do Amaral | Governors |
| 22 Aug 1849 - 1850 | Government Council | Governors |
| 30 May 1850 - 6 Jul 1850 | Pedro Alexandrino da Cunha | Governors |
| 7 Jul 1850 - 1851 | Government Council | Governors |
| 3 Feb 1851 - 1851 | Francisco António Gonçalves Cardoso (b. 1800 - d. 1875) | Governors |
| 19 Nov 1851 - 1863 | Isidoro Francisco Guimarães, Grande de Macau (b. 1808 - d. 1883) | Governors |
| 22 Jun 1863 - 1866 | José Rodrigues Coelho do Amaral | Governors |
| 26 Oct 1866 - 1868 | José Maria da Ponte e Horta | Governors |
| 3 Aug 1868 - 1872 | António Sérgio de Sousa | Governors |
| 23 Mar 1872 - 1874 | Januário Correia de Almeida, visconde de São Januário (b. 1829 - d. 1901) | Governors |
| 7 Dec 1874 - 1876 | José Maria Lôbo de Ávila | Governors |
| 31 Dec 1876 - 1879 | Carlos Eugénio Correia da Silva | Governors |
| 28 Nov 1879 - 1883 | Joaquim José da Graça | Governors |
| 23 Apr 1883 - 1886 | Tomás de Sousa Rósa | Governors |
| 7 Aug 1886 - 1888 | Firmino José da Costa | Governors |
| 5 Feb 1889 - 1890 | Francisco Teixeira da Silva | Governors |
| 16 Oct 1890 - 1894 | Custódio Miguel de Borja | Governors |
| 24 Mar 1894 - 1897 | José Maria de Sousa Horta e Costa | Governors |
| 12 May 1897 - 1900 | Eduardo Augusto Rodrigues Galhardo | Governors |
| 12 Aug 1900 - 1902 | José Maria de Sousa Horta e Costa | Governors |
| 17 Dec 1902 - 10 Dec 1903 | Arnaldo de Novaes Guedes Rebelo | Governors |
| 5 Apr 1904 - 1907 | Martinho Pinto de Quierós Montenegro (b. 1864 - d. 1919) | Governors |
| 6 Apr 1907 - 1908 | Pedro de Azevedo Coutinho | Governors |
| 18 Aug 1908 - 1909 | José Augusto Alves Roçadas | Governors |
| 22 Sep 1909 - 1910 | Eduardo Augusto Marquês | Governors |
| 17 Dec 1910 - 1912 | Álvaro de Melo Machado | Governors |
| 14 Jul 1912 - 1914 | Aníbal Augusto Sanches de Miranda | Governors |
| 10 Jun 1914 - 1916 | José Carlos da Maia | Governors |
| 5 Sep 1916 - 1917 | Manuel Ferreira da Rocha | Governors |
| 22 Jun 1917 - 21 Dec 1917 | Fernando Augusto Vieira de Matos | Governors |
| 12 Oct 1918 - 1919 | Artur Tamagnini de Sousa Barbosa | Governors |
| 23 Aug 1919 - 20 May 1922 | Henrique Monteiro Correia da Silva | Governors |
| 20 May 1922 - 5 Jan 1923 | Luís António de Magalhães Correia | Governors |
| 5 Jan 1923 - 16 Jul 1924 | Rodrigo José Rodrigues | Governors |
| 16 Jul 1924 - 18 Oct 1925 | Joaquim Augusto dos Santos | Governors |
| 18 Oct 1925 - 1 Aug 1926 | Manuel Firmino de Almeida Maia Magalhães (b. 1881 - d. 1932) | Governors |
| 1 Aug 1926 - 8 Dec 1926 | Hugo Lacerda Castelo Branco | Governors |
| 8 Dec 1926 - 19 Nov 1930 | Artur Tamagnini de Sousa Barbosa | Governors |
| 1930 - 1931 | João Pereira de Magalhães | Governors |
| 30 Mar 1931 - 1931 | Joaquim Anselmo da Mata e Oliveira | Governors |
| 1931 - 1932 | João Pereira de Magalhães | Governors |
| 21 Jun 1932 - 1935 | António José Bernardes de Miranda | Governors |
| 1935 - 1936 | João Pereira Barbosa | Governors |
| 1936 - 1937 | António Joaquim Ferreira da Silva Júnior | Governors |
| 11 Apr 1937 - 10 Jul 1940 | Artur Tamagnini de Sousa Barbosa | Governors |
| 10 Jul 1940 - 1940 | José Rodrigues Moutinho (acting) | Governors |
| 29 Oct 1940 - 1946 | Gabriel Maurício Teixeira | Governors |
| 1 Sep 1947 - 1951 | Albano Rodrigues de Oliveira | Governors |
| 23 Nov 1951 - 1957 | Joaquim Marquês Esparteiro | Governors |
| 8 Mar 1957 - 1958 | Pedro Correia Barros | Governors |
| 1958 - 1959 | Manuel Peixoto Nunes | Governors |
| 18 Sep 1959 - 1962 | Jaime Silvério Marques | Governors |
| 17 Apr 1962 - 1966 | António Adriano Faria Lopes dos Santos (b. 1917?) | Governors |
| 25 Nov 1966 - 1974 | José Manuel de Sousa e Faria Nobre de Carvalho | Governors |
| 19 Nov 1974 - 1 Feb 1979 | José Garcia Leandro | Governors |
| 28 Nov 1979 - 26 Feb 1981 | Melo Egídio | Governors |
| 26 Feb 1981 - 16 Jun 1981 | José Carlos Moreira Campos | Governors |
| 16 Jun 1981 - 1986 | Vasco Almeida e Costa | Governors |
| 15 May 1986 - 1987 | Joaquim Pinto Machado | Governors |
| 9 Jul 1987 - 28 Sep 1990 | Carlos Melancia | Governors |
| 28 Sep 1990 - 23 Apr 1991 | Francisco Murteira Nabo (acting) | Governors |
| 23 Apr 1991 - 19 Dec 1999 | Vasco Rocha Vieira | Governors |
| 20 Dec 1999 - | Edmund Ho | Chief executive |
Kiaochow
| Date or term | Officeholder or event | Category |
|---|---|---|
| 14 Nov 1897 | German occupation | Leaders |
| 6 Mar 1898 | leased for 99 years (canceled by China 23 Aug 1914) | Leaders |
| 7 Nov 1914 | taken by Japan | Leaders |
| 10 Dec 1922 | returned to China | Leaders |
| 7 Mar 1898 - 19 Feb 1899 | Carl Rosendahl | Governors |
| 19 Feb 1899 - 27 Jan 1901 | Otto Ferdinand Paul Jäschke | Governors |
| 27 Jan 1901 - 8 Jun 1901 | Max Rollmann (acting) | Governors |
| 8 Jun 1901 - 19 Aug 1911 | Oskar Truppel | Governors |
| 19 Aug 1911 - 7 Nov 1914 | Alfred Meyer-Waldeck | Governors |
| 7 Nov 1914 - 1919 | Mitsuomi Kamio | Governors |
| 1919 - 1922 | Mitsue Yuhi | Governors |
Kwangchowan
| Date or term | Officeholder or event | Category |
|---|---|---|
| 1898 | leased by France | Leaders |
| 1943 | occupied by Japan | Leaders |
| Sep 1945 | returned to China | Leaders |
| 1898 - 1900 | Charles Louis Théobald Courrejolles (b. 1842 - d. 1902) | Administrators |
| 1900 - 1902 | Gustave Alby (1st time) | Administrators |
| 1902 - 1903 | Théophile Henri Bergès | Administrators |
| 1903 - 1906 | Gustave Alby (2nd time) | Administrators |
| 1906 - 1908 | Jean-Fernand Gautret | Administrators |
| 1908 - 1910 | Henri Victor Sestier | Administrators |
| 1910 - 1 Apr 1910 | Paul Edgar Dufrénil | Administrators |
| 1911 - 1912 | Jean-Ernest Moulié | Administrators |
| 1912 | Pierre Stéphane Salabelle | Administrators |
| 1912 - 1915 | Henri Jean Auguste Caillard | Administrators |
| 1915 - Nov 1917 | Albert Garnier | Administrators |
| 1919 - 1922 | Jean-Félix Krautheimer (1st time) | Administrators |
| 1922 | Paul Marie Alexis Joseph Blanchard de la Brosse (1st time) | Administrators |
| 1922 - 1923 | Jean-Félix Krautheimer (2nd time) | Administrators |
| 1923 - 1925 | Paul Michel Achille Quesnel | Administrators |
| 1925 - 1927 | Paul Marie Alexis Joseph Blanchard de la Brosse (2nd time) | Administrators |
| 1927 - 1929 | Louis Rivet | Administrators |
| 1929 - 1932 | Achille Silvestre | Administrators |
| 1932 - 1933 | Pierre Charles Edmond Jabouille | Administrators |
| 1933 - 1934 | Paul Delamarre | Administrators |
| 1934 - 1936 | Maurice Émile Henri de Tastes | Administrators |
| 1936 - 1937 | Camille Fernand Chapoulart | Administrators |
| 1937 - 1942 | Jacques Henri Paul Le Prevôt | Administrators |
| 1942 | Louis Frédéric Claire Guillaume Marty | Administrators |
| 1942 - 1943 | Pierre Marie Jean Domec | Administrators |
Kwantung
| Date or term | Officeholder or event | Category |
|---|---|---|
| 5 Sep 1905 | leased by Japan | Leaders |
| Sep 1945 | returned to China | Leaders |
| 18 Oct 1905 - 26 Apr 1912 | Yoshimasa Oshima | Governors-general |
| 26 Apr 1912 - 15 Sep 1914 | Yasumasa Fukushima | Governors-general |
| 15 Sep 1914 - 31 Jul 1917 | Satoru Nakamura | Governors-general |
| 31 Jul 1917 - 11 Apr 1919 | Yujiro Nakamura | Governors-general |
| 12 Apr 1919 - 24 May 1920 | Gonsuke Hayashi | Governors-general |
| 24 May 1920 - 8 Sep 1922 | Isaburo Yamagata | Governors-general |
| 8 Sep 1922 - 19 Sep 1923 | Hikokichi Ijuin | Governors-general |
| 26 Sep 1923 - 17 Dec 1927 | Hideo Kodama | Governors-general |
| 17 Dec 1927 - 7 Aug 1929 | Kenjiro Kinoshita | Governors-general |
| 7 Aug 1929 - 16 Jan 1931 | Masahiro Ota | Governors-general |
| 16 Jan 1931 - 11 Jan 1932 | Seiji Tsukamoto | Governors-general |
| 11 Jan 1932 - 8 Aug 1932 | Mannosuke Yamaoka | Governors-general |
| 8 Aug 1932 - 27 Jul 1933 | Nobuyoshi Muto | Governors-general |
| 28 Jul 1933 - 10 Dec 1934 | Takashi Hishikari | Governors-general |
| 10 Dec 1934 - 6 Mar 1936 | Jiro Minami | Governors-general |
| 6 Mar 1936 - 7 Sep 1939 | Kenkichi Ueda | Governors-general |
| 7 Sep 1939 - 18 Jul 1944 | Yoshijiro Umezu | Governors-general |
| 18 Jul 1944 - 1945 | Otozo Yamada | Governors-general |
Weihaiwei
| Date or term | Officeholder or event | Category |
|---|---|---|
| 1898 | leased by Britain | Leaders |
| 1 Oct 1930 | returned to China | Leaders |
| 10 Aug 1899 - 10 Dec 1901 | Arthur Robert Ford Dorward Ford Dorward) (b. 1848 - d. 1934) | Commissioners |
| May 1902 - 1921 | James Haldane Stewart Lockhart | Commissioners |
| 1921 - 1923 | Arthur Powlett Blunt | Commissioners |
| 1923 - 1927 | Walter Russell Brown | Commissioners |
| 1927 - 30 Sep 1930 | Reginald Fleming Johnston | Commissioners |