Historical country records

Finland historical timeline

Finland

Date or term	Officeholder or event	Category
12..	part of Sweden	Leaders
1581	Grand Duchy of Finland (subject to, and from 1772 in nominal personal union with, Sweden)	Leaders
29 Mar 1809	personal union with Russia (transfer from Sweden to Russia ratified in peace treaty 17 Sep 1809)	Leaders
6 Dec 1917	formal declaration of independence	Leaders
17 Jul 1919	Republic of Finland	Leaders
29 Mar 1809 - 1 Dec 1825	Alexander I	Romanov (Holstein-Gottorp) dynasty
1 Dec 1825 - 26 Dec 1825	Konstantin	Romanov (Holstein-Gottorp) dynasty
26 Dec 1825 - 2 Mar 1855	Nikolai I	Romanov (Holstein-Gottorp) dynasty
2 Mar 1855 - 13 Mar 1881	Alexander II	Romanov (Holstein-Gottorp) dynasty
13 Mar 1881 - 1 Nov 1894	Alexander III	Romanov (Holstein-Gottorp) dynasty
1 Nov 1894 - 15 Mar 1917	Nikolai II	Romanov (Holstein-Gottorp) dynasty
15 Mar 1917 - 7 Nov 1917	Russian provisional government exercising grand-ducal authority	Romanov (Holstein-Gottorp) dynasty
1 Dec 1808 - 17 Jun 1809	Göran Magnus Sprengtporten	Governors-general¹
17 Jun 1809 - 1 Feb 1810	Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly	Governors-general¹
3 Mar 1810 - 22 Mar 1824	Fabian Steinheil	Governors-general¹
Sep 1812 - Apr 1813	Gustaf Mauritz Armfelt	Governors-general¹
28 Mar 1824 - 1 Dec 1831	Arsenij Andrejewitsch Zakrewsky	Governors-general¹
1 Dec 1831 - 8 Mar 1855	Alexander Sergejewitsch Menschikoff (b. 1787 - d. 1869)	Governors-general¹
24 Apr 1833 - 1846	Alexander Amatus Thesleff	Governors-general¹
1848 - 1855	Platon Iwanowitsch Rokassowsky	Governors-general¹
8 Mar 1855 - 20 Nov 1861	Fredrik Wilhelm Rembert Berg	Governors-general¹
20 Nov 1861 - 1 May 1866	Platon Iwanowitsch Rokassowsky	Governors-general¹
5 Aug 1864 - 16 Oct 1864	Johan Mauritz Nordenstam	Governors-general¹
1 May 1866 - 3 Jun 1881	Nikolai Wladimirowitsch Adlerberg Acting for Adlerberg:	Governors-general¹
23 Jun 1866 - 21 Jul 1866	Bernhard Indrenius (1st time)	Governors-general¹
18 Jul 1867 - 18 Oct 1867	Bernhard Indrenius (2nd time)	Governors-general¹
20 Jul 1868 - 18 Oct 1868	Johan Mauritz Nordenstam	Governors-general¹
7 May 1870 - 11 Sep 1870	Johan Mauritz Nordenstam	Governors-general¹
19 Nov 1872 - 24 Mar 1873	Johan Mauritz Nordenstam	Governors-general¹
3 Jun 1881 - 13 Jan 1897	Feodor Logginovitsh Heiden	Governors-general¹
31 Jan 1897 - 29 Aug 1898	Stepan Osipovitsh Gontsharoff	Governors-general¹
29 Aug 1898 - 17 Jun 1904	Nikolai Ivanovitsh Bobrikoff	Governors-general¹
18 Jun 1904 - 18 Aug 1904	Nikolai Matvejevitsh Turbin	Governors-general¹
18 Aug 1904 - 18 Nov 1905	Ivan Mikailovitsh Obolenskij	Governors-general¹
18 Nov 1905 - 6 Dec 1905	Anton von Saltza (acting)	Governors-general¹
6 Dec 1905 - 2 Feb 1908	Nikolai Nikolajevitsh Gerard	Governors-general¹
2 Feb 1908 - 24 Nov 1909	Vladimir Aleksandrovitsh Boeckmann	Governors-general¹
24 Nov 1909 - 16 Mar 1917	Frans Albert Seyn	Governors-general¹
16 Mar 1917 - 19 Mar 1917	Adam Josifovitsh Lipskij (acting)	Governors-general¹
19 Mar 1917 - 31 Mar 1917	Sergei Aleksandrovitsh Korff	Governors-general¹
31 Mar 1917 - 17 Sep 1917	Mihail Aleksandrovitsh Stahovitsh	Governors-general¹
17 Sep 1917 - 7 Nov 1917	Nikolai Vissarionovitsh Nekrasov	Governors-general¹
7 Nov 1917 - 15 Nov 1917	Eemil Nestor Setälä	Acting heads of state
15 Nov 1917 - 28 Nov 1917	Otto Johannes Lundson	Acting heads of state
28 Nov 1917 - 18 May 1918	Pehr Evind Svinhufvud	Acting heads of state
18 May 1918 - 12 Dec 1918	Pehr Evind Svinhufvud	State Protectors (usually referred to as Regents)¹
12 Dec 1918 - 27 Jul 1919	Carl Gustaf Mannerheim	State Protectors (usually referred to as Regents)¹
27 Jul 1919 - 1 Mar 1925	Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg	Presidents
1 Mar 1925 - 1 Mar 1931	Lauri Kristian Relander	Presidents
1 Mar 1931 - 1 Mar 1937	Pehr Evind Svinhufvud	Presidents
1 Mar 1937 - 19 Dec 1940	Kyösti Kallio	Presidents
19 Dec 1940 - 4 Aug 1944	Risto Heikki Ryti	Presidents
4 Aug 1944 - 11 Mar 1946	Carl Gustaf Mannerheim	Presidents
11 Mar 1946 - 1 Mar 1956	Juho Kusti Paasikivi	Presidents
1 Mar 1956 - 27 Jan 1982	Urho Kekkonen	Presidents
27 Jan 1982 - 1 Mar 1994	Mauno Koivisto	Presidents
1 Mar 1994 - 1 Mar 2000	Martti Ahtisaari	Presidents
1 Mar 2000 -	Tarja Halonen (f)	Presidents
1 Oct 1822 - 1 Mar 1826	Carl Erik Mannerheim	Chief ministers (vice chairmen of the Senate's Economy Department)
12 Dec 1826 - 12 Jan 1828	Samuel Fredrik von Born (acting)	Chief ministers (vice chairmen of the Senate's Economy Department)
12 Jan 1828 - 10 Apr 1833	Anders Henrik Falck	Chief ministers (vice chairmen of the Senate's Economy Department)
10 Apr 1833 - 1 Oct 1841	Gustaf Hjärne	Chief ministers (vice chairmen of the Senate's Economy Department)
1 Oct 1841 - 29 Apr 1858	Lars Gabriel von Haartman	Chief ministers (vice chairmen of the Senate's Economy Department)
29 Apr 1858 - 8 Jun 1882	Johan Mauritz Nordenstam	Chief ministers (vice chairmen of the Senate's Economy Department)
1 Oct 1882 - 1 Oct 1885	Edvard Gustaf af Forselles	Chief ministers (vice chairmen of the Senate's Economy Department)
1 Oct 1885 - 23 Nov 1891	Samuel Werner von Troil	Chief ministers (vice chairmen of the Senate's Economy Department)
23 Nov 1891 - 19 Oct 1900	Sten Carl Tudeer	Chief ministers (vice chairmen of the Senate's Economy Department)
19 Oct 1900 - 18 Jan 1905	Constantin Linder	Chief ministers (vice chairmen of the Senate's Economy Department)
29 Mar 1905 - 11 Nov 1905	Emil Streng	Chief ministers (vice chairmen of the Senate's Economy Department)
1 Dec 1905 - 1 Aug 1908	Leopold Henrik Stanislaus Mechelin	Chief ministers (vice chairmen of the Senate's Economy Department)
1 Aug 1908 - 23 Apr 1909	Edvard Immanuel Hjelt	Chief ministers (vice chairmen of the Senate's Economy Department)
1 May 1909 - 13 Nov 1909	August Johannes Hjelt	Chief ministers (vice chairmen of the Senate's Economy Department)
13 Nov 1909 - 21 Apr 1913	Wladimir Markoff	Chief ministers (vice chairmen of the Senate's Economy Department)
21 Apr 1913 - 16 Mar 1917	Mikael Borovitinoff	Chief ministers (vice chairmen of the Senate's Economy Department)
16 Mar 1917 - 26 Mar 1917	Andrei Wirenius (acting)	Chief ministers (vice chairmen of the Senate's Economy Department)
26 Mar 1917 - 17 Aug 1917	Oskari Tokoi	Chief ministers (vice chairmen of the Senate's Economy Department)
17 Aug 1917 - 27 Nov 1917	Eemil Nestor Setälä	Chief ministers (vice chairmen of the Senate's Economy Department)
27 Nov 1917 - 27 May 1918	Pehr Evind Svinhufvud (1st time)	Chief ministers (vice chairmen of the Senate's Economy Department)
27 May 1918 - 27 Nov 1918	Juho Kusti Paasikivi (1st time)	Prime ministers
27 Nov 1918 - 17 Apr 1919	Lauri Johannes Ingman (1st time)	Prime ministers
17 Apr 1919 - 15 Aug 1919	Kaarlo Castrén	Prime ministers
15 Aug 1919 - 15 Mar 1920	Juho Heikki Vennola (1st time)	Prime ministers
15 Mar 1920 - 9 Apr 1921	Rafael Waldemar Erich	Prime ministers
9 Apr 1921 - 2 Jun 1922	Juho Heikki Vennola (2nd time)	Prime ministers
2 Jun 1922 - 14 Nov 1922	Aimo Kaarlo Cajander (1st time)	Prime ministers
14 Nov 1922 - 18 Jan 1924	Kyösti Kallio (1st time)	Prime ministers
18 Jan 1924 - 31 May 1924	Aimo Kaarlo Cajander (2nd time)	Prime ministers
31 May 1924 - 31 Mar 1925	Lauri Johannes Ingman (2nd time)	Prime ministers
31 Mar 1925 - 31 Dec 1925	Antti Agaton Tulenheimo	Prime ministers
31 Dec 1925 - 13 Dec 1926	Kyösti Kallio (2nd time)	Prime ministers
13 Dec 1926 - 17 Dec 1927	Väinö Tanner	Prime ministers
17 Dec 1927 - 22 Dec 1928	Juho Emil Sunila (1st time)	Prime ministers
22 Dec 1928 - 16 Aug 1929	Oskari Mantere	Prime ministers
16 Aug 1929 - 4 Jul 1930	Kyösti Kallio (3rd time)	Prime ministers
4 Jul 1930 - 16 Feb 1931	Pehr Evind Svinhufvud (2nd time)	Prime ministers
16 Feb 1931 - 21 Mar 1931	Juho Heikki Vennola (3rd time)	Prime ministers
21 Mar 1931 - 14 Dec 1932	Juho Emil Sunila (2nd time)	Prime ministers
14 Dec 1932 - 7 Oct 1936	Toivo Mikael Kivimäki	Prime ministers
7 Oct 1936 - 12 Mar 1937	Kyösti Kallio (4th time)	Prime ministers
12 Mar 1937 - 1 Dec 1939	Aimo Kaarlo Cajander (3rd time)	Prime ministers
1 Dec 1939 - 21 Dec 1940	Risto Heikki Ryti	Prime ministers
21 Dec 1940 - 3 Jan 1941	Rudolf Waldén (acting)	Prime ministers
3 Jan 1941 - 5 Mar 1943	Johan Wilhelm Rangell	Prime ministers
5 Mar 1943 - 8 Aug 1944	Edwin Johan Hildegard Linkomies	Prime ministers
8 Aug 1944 - 21 Sep 1944	Antti Verner Hackzell	Prime ministers
21 Sep 1944 - 17 Nov 1944	Urho Jonas Castrén	Prime ministers
17 Nov 1944 - 26 Mar 1946	Juho Kusti Paasikivi (2nd time)	Prime ministers
26 Mar 1946 - 29 Jul 1948	Mauno Pekkala	Prime ministers
29 Jul 1948 - 17 Mar 1950	Karl August Fagerholm (1st time)	Prime ministers
17 Mar 1950 - 17 Nov 1953	Urho Kekkonen (1st time)	Prime ministers
17 Nov 1953 - 5 May 1954	Sakari Tuomioja	Prime ministers
5 May 1954 - 20 Oct 1954	Ralf Törngren	Prime ministers
20 Oct 1954 - 3 Mar 1956	Urho Kekkonen (2nd time)	Prime ministers
3 Mar 1956 - 27 May 1957	Karl August Fagerholm (2nd time)	Prime ministers
27 May 1957 - 29 Nov 1957	Vieno Johannes Sukselainen	Prime ministers
29 Nov 1957 - 26 Apr 1958	Rainer von Fieandt	Prime ministers
26 Apr 1958 - 29 Aug 1958	Reino Kuuskoski	Prime ministers
29 Aug 1958 - 13 Jan 1959	Karl August Fagerholm (3rd time)	Prime ministers
13 Jan 1959 - 3 Jul 1961	Vieno Johannes Sukselainen	Prime ministers
3 Jul 1961 - 14 Jul 1961	Eemil Luukka (acting)	Prime ministers
14 Jul 1961 - 13 Apr 1962	Martti Miettunen (1st time)	Prime ministers
13 Apr 1962 - 18 Dec 1963	Ahti Karjalainen (1st time)	Prime ministers
18 Dec 1963 - 12 Sep 1964	Reino Ragnar Lehto	Prime ministers
12 Sep 1964 - 27 May 1966	Johannes Virolainen	Prime ministers
27 May 1966 - 22 Mar 1968	Rafael Paasio (1st time)	Prime ministers
22 Mar 1968 - 14 May 1970	Mauno Koivisto (1st time)	Prime ministers
14 May 1970 - 15 Jul 1970	Teuvo Aura (1st time)	Prime ministers
15 Jul 1970 - 29 Oct 1971	Ahti Karjalainen (2nd time)	Prime ministers
29 Oct 1971 - 23 Feb 1972	Teuvo Aura (2nd time)	Prime ministers
23 Feb 1972 - 4 Sep 1972	Rafael Paasio (2nd time)	Prime ministers
4 Sep 1972 - 13 Jun 1975	Kalevi Sorsa (1st time)	Prime ministers
13 Jun 1975 - 30 Nov 1975	Keijo Liinamaa	Prime ministers
30 Nov 1975 - 15 May 1977	Martti Miettunen (2nd time)	Prime ministers
15 May 1977 - 26 May 1979	Kalevi Sorsa (2nd time)	Prime ministers
26 May 1979 - 27 Jan 1982	Mauno Koivisto (2nd time)	Prime ministers
11 Sep 1981 - 19 Feb 1982	Eino Uusitalo	Prime ministers
19 Feb 1982 - 30 Apr 1987	Kalevi Sorsa (3rd time)	Prime ministers
30 Apr 1987 - 26 Apr 1991	Harri Holkeri	Prime ministers
26 Apr 1991 - 13 Apr 1995	Esko Aho	Prime ministers
13 Apr 1995 - 17 Apr 2003	Paavo Lipponen	Prime ministers
17 Apr 2003 - 24 Jun 2003	Anneli Jäätteenmäki (f)	Prime ministers
24 Jun 2003 -	Matti Vanhanen	Prime ministers

Finnish Socialist Conciliar Republic

Date or term	Officeholder or event	Category
28 Jan 1918 - 25 Apr 1918	Socialist Conciliar ("Soviet") Republic in the south of Finland during civil war	Leaders
14 Feb 1918 - 25 Apr 1918	Valfrid Perttilä	Chairman of the Central Executive Committee
28 Jan 1918 - 13 Apr 1918	Kullervo Manner	Chairmen of the Council of People's Commissars
13 Apr 1918 - 17 Apr 1918	Otto Ville Kuusinen	Chairmen of the Council of People's Commissars
17 Apr 1918 - 25 Apr 1918	Edvard Gylling	Chairmen of the Council of People's Commissars

Finnish Democratic Republic

Date or term	Officeholder or event	Category
1 Dec 1939 - 12 Mar 1940	Finnish Democratic Republic at the Soviet-occupied town of Terijoki (now Zelenogorsk, Russia)	Leaders
1 Dec 1939 - 12 Mar 1940	Otto Ville Kuusinen	Chairman of the Finnish People's Government

Allied Control Commission

Date or term	Officeholder or event	Category
22 Sep 1944 - 15 Sep 1947	Andrey Zhdanov (U.S.S.R.)	Chairman

Åland Islands

Date or term	Officeholder or event	Category
12..	part of Sweden	Leaders
1634	administered as part of a Finnish province	Leaders
1808 - 1809	attempted separation from Åbo och Björneborgs län	Leaders
17 Sep 1809	part of the Russian Grand Duchy of Finland	Leaders
1917 - 1919	popular movement to rejoin Sweden	Leaders
24 Jun 1921	League of Nations decides in favour of Finland	Leaders
9 Jun 1922	Åland autonomous region	Leaders
1808 - 1809	Otto Reinhold Meurman (acting)	Governors (title landshövding)
9 Mar 1918 - 13 Jun 1918	Hjalmar von Bonsdorff	Governors (title landshövding)
13 Jun 1918 - 17 Oct 1922	William Isaksson	Governors (title landshövding)
17 Oct 1922 - 1 Jan 1938	Wilhelm Fagerlund	Governors (title landshövding)
1 Jan 1938 - 3 Nov 1938	Torsten Rothberg	Governors (title landshövding)
3 Nov 1938 - 21 Dec 1938	Walter Johansson (acting)	Governors (title landshövding)
21 Nov 1938 - 1 May 1945	Ruben Österberg	Governors (title landshövding)
14 May 1945 - 1 Jan 1954	Herman Koroleff	Governors (title landshövding)
1 Jan 1954 - 1 Jul 1972	Tor Brenning	Governors (title landshövding)
1 Jul 1972 - 1 Oct 1982	Martin Isaksson	Governors (title landshövding)
1 Oct 1982 - 1 Apr 1999	Henrik Gustafsson	Governors (title landshövding)
1 Apr 1999 -	Peter Lindbäck	Governors (title landshövding)
10 Jul 1922 - 30 Dec 1938	Carl Björkman	Chief ministers (title lantråd)
30 Dec 1938 - 1 Jan 1955	Viktor Strandfält	Chief ministers (title lantråd)
1 Jan 1955 - 28 Mar 1967	Hugo Johansson	Chief ministers (title lantråd)
28 Mar 1967 - 1 Jul 1972	Martin Isaksson	Chief ministers (title lantråd)
1 Jul 1972 - 1 Jan 1979	Alarik Häggblom	Chief ministers (title lantråd)
1 Jan 1979 - 20 Apr 1988	Folke Woivalin	Chief ministers (title lantråd)
20 Apr 1988 - 28 Nov 1991	Sune Eriksson	Chief ministers (title lantråd)
28 Nov 1991 - 24 Nov 1995	Ragnar Erlandsson	Chief ministers (title lantråd)
24 Nov 1995 - 3 Dec 1999	Roger Jansson	Chief ministers (title lantråd)
3 Dec 1999 - 26 Nov 2007	Roger Nordlund	Chief ministers (title lantråd)
26 Nov 2007 -	Viveka Eriksson (f)	Chief ministers (title lantråd)