| 1610 | Netherlands East Indies | Leaders |
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| 1811 - 1816 | British East India Company rule | Leaders |
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| 8 Mar 1942 - 29 Sep 1945 | Japanese occupation | Leaders |
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| 17 Aug 1945 | independence proclaimed (Republic of Indonesia) | Leaders |
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| 29 Sep 1945 - 30 Nov 1946 | British occupation | Leaders |
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| 20 Sep 1948 | Netherlands East Indies renamed Indonesia | Leaders |
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| 27 Dec 1949 | independence of the Republic of the United States of Indonesia, comprising the Republic of Indonesia (covering parts of Java and Sumatra) and various states and autonomous territories that had been established since 1946 | Leaders |
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| 17 Aug 1950 | dissolution of the Republic of the United States of Indonesia together with its remaining components other than the Republic of Indonesia, which becomes the successor to the entire state | Leaders |
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| 1691 - 1704 | Willem van Outhoorn | Governors-general (of the Dutch East India Company to 1801) |
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| 1704 - 1709 | Johan van Hoorn | Governors-general (of the Dutch East India Company to 1801) |
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| 1709 - 1713 | Abraham van Riebeeck | Governors-general (of the Dutch East India Company to 1801) |
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| 1713 - 1718 | Christoffel van Swoll | Governors-general (of the Dutch East India Company to 1801) |
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| 1718 - 1725 | Henricus Zwaardecroon | Governors-general (of the Dutch East India Company to 1801) |
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| Jul 1725 - 1729 | Matthaeus de Haan | Governors-general (of the Dutch East India Company to 1801) |
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| 1729 - Oct 1731 | Dirk Durven | Governors-general (of the Dutch East India Company to 1801) |
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| 1732 - 1735 | Dirk van Cloon | Governors-general (of the Dutch East India Company to 1801) |
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| 1735 - 1737 | Abraham Patras | Governors-general (of the Dutch East India Company to 1801) |
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| 1737 - 1741 | Adriaan Valckenier | Governors-general (of the Dutch East India Company to 1801) |
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| 1741 - 1743 | Johannes Thedens (acting) | Governors-general (of the Dutch East India Company to 1801) |
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| May 1743 - 1 Nov 1750 | Gustaaf Willem baron van Imhoff | Governors-general (of the Dutch East India Company to 1801) |
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| 1 Nov 1750 - 15 May 1761 | Jacob Mossel (acting to 1752) | Governors-general (of the Dutch East India Company to 1801) |
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| 15 May 1761 - 1775 | Petrus Albertus van der Parra | Governors-general (of the Dutch East India Company to 1801) |
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| 1775 - 1777 | Jeremias van Riemsdijk | Governors-general (of the Dutch East India Company to 1801) |
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| 1777 - 1780 | Reinier de Klerk | Governors-general (of the Dutch East India Company to 1801) |
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| 1780 - 1796 | Willem Arnold Alting | Governors-general (of the Dutch East India Company to 1801) |
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| 1796 - 22 Aug 1801 | Peter Gerhardus van Overstraten | Governors-general (of the Dutch East India Company to 1801) |
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| Apr 1802 - Sep 1804 | Johannes Siberg | Governors-general (of the Dutch East India Company to 1801) |
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| Sep 1804 - 14 Jan 1808 | Albertus Henricus Wiese | Governors-general (of the Dutch East India Company to 1801) |
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| 14 Jan 1808 - 16 May 1811 | Herman Willem Daendels | Governors-general (of the Dutch East India Company to 1801) |
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| 16 May 1811 - 18 Sep 1811 | Jan Willem Janssens | Governors-general (of the Dutch East India Company to 1801) |
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| Sep 1811 - Mar 1816 | Thomas Stamford Raffles | Lieutenant governors |
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| Mar 1816 - Aug 1816 | John Fendall | Lieutenant governors |
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| 19 Aug 1816 - 1 Jan 1826 | Godert Alexander Gerard Philip van der Capellen (from 28 Apr 1822, Godert Alexander Gerard Philip baron van der Capellen) (b. 1778 - d. 1848) | Governors-general |
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| 4 Feb 1826 - 16 Jan 1830 | Hendrik Merkus de Kock | Governors-general |
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| 16 Jan 1830 - 2 Jul 1833 | Johannes van den Bosch | Governors-general |
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| 2 Jul 1833 - 29 Feb 1836 | Jean Chrétien Baud (acting) | Governors-general |
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| 29 Feb 1836 - 30 May 1840 | Dominique Jacques de Eerens | Governors-general |
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| 30 May 1840 - 6 Jan 1841 | Carel Sirardus Willem graaf van Hogendorp (acting) (b. 1788 - d. 1856) | Governors-general |
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| 6 Jan 1841 - 2 Aug 1844 | Pieter Merkus | Governors-general |
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| 2 Aug 1844 - 30 Sep 1845 | Jan Cornelis van Reijnst (acting) | Governors-general |
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| 30 Sep 1845 - 12 May 1851 | Jan Jacob Rochussen | Governors-general |
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| 15 May 1851 - 22 May 1856 | Albertus Jacobus Duymaer van Twist | Governors-general |
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| 22 May 1856 - 2 Sep 1861 | Charles Ferdinand Pahud | Governors-general |
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| 2 Sep 1861 - 19 Oct 1861 | Ary Prins (1st time) (acting) | Governors-general |
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| 19 Oct 1861 - 25 Oct 1866 | Ludolph Anne Jan Wilt baron Sloet van de Beele (b. 1806 - d. 1890) | Governors-general |
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| 25 Oct 1866 - 28 Dec 1866 | Ary Prins (2nd time) (acting) | Governors-general |
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| 28 Dec 1866 - 1 Jan 1872 | Pieter Mijer | Governors-general |
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| 1 Jan 1872 - 26 Mar 1875 | James Loudon | Governors-general |
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| 26 Mar 1875 - 12 Apr 1881 | Johan Wilhelm van Lansberge | Governors-general |
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| 12 Apr 1881 - 20 Jan 1884 | Frederik s'Jacob | Governors-general |
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| 11 Apr 1884 - 29 Sep 1888 | Otto van Rees | Governors-general |
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| 29 Sep 1888 - 15 Jul 1893 | Cornelis Pijnacker Hordijk | Governors-general |
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| 17 Oct 1893 - 3 Oct 1899 | Carel Herman Aart van der Wijck | Governors-general |
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| 3 Oct 1899 - 1 Oct 1904 | Willem Rooseboom | Governors-general |
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| 1 Oct 1904 - 18 Dec 1909 | Joannes Benedictus van Heutsz | Governors-general |
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| 18 Dec 1909 - 21 Mar 1916 | Alexander Willem Frederik Idenburg | Governors-general |
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| 21 Mar 1916 - 24 Mar 1921 | Johan Paul graaf van Limburg Stirum (b. 1873 - d. 1948) | Governors-general |
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| 24 Mar 1921 - 6 Sep 1926 | Dirk Fock | Governors-general |
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| 7 Sep 1926 - 11 Sep 1931 | Andries Cornelis Dirk de Graeff | Governors-general |
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| 12 Sep 1931 - 16 Sep 1936 | Bonifacius Cornelis de Jonge | Governors-general |
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| 16 Sep 1936 - 16 Oct 1945 | Alidius Warmoldus Lambertus Tjarda van Starkenborgh Stachouwer (b. 1888 - d. 1978) | Governors-general |
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| 14 Sep 1944 - 15 Oct 1948 | Hubertus Johannes van Mook | Governors-general |
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| 29 Sep 1945 - 30 Jan 1946 | Sir Philip Christison | Commanders of British forces |
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| 30 Jan 1946 - 19 Apr 1946 | Sir Montagu Stopford | Commanders of British forces |
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| 19 Apr 1946 - 30 Nov 1946 | E.C. Mansergh | Commanders of British forces |
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| 29 Oct 1948 - 18 May 1949 | Louis Beel | High commissioners |
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| 18 May 1949 - 27 Dec 1949 | Antonius Hermanus Johannes Lovink | High commissioners |
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| 17 Aug 1945 - 12 Mar 1967 | Sukarno | Presidents |
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| 19 Dec 1948 - 13 Jul 1949 | Sjafruddin Prawiranegara | Presidents |
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| Dec 1949 - Aug 1950 | Assaat | Presidents |
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| 15 Feb 1958 - 28 Aug 1961 | Sjafruddin Prawiranegara United Indonesian Republic proclaimed 15 Feb 1960) | Presidents |
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| 12 Mar 1967 - 21 May 1998 | Suharto | Presidents |
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| 21 May 1998 - 20 Oct 1999 | B.J. Habibie | Presidents |
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| 20 Oct 1999 - 23 Jul 2001 | Abdurrahman Wahid | Presidents |
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| 23 Jul 2001 - 20 Oct 2004 | Megawati Sukarnoputri (f) | Presidents |
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| 20 Oct 2004 - | Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono | Presidents |
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| 14 Nov 1945 - 20 Jun 1947 | Sutan Sjahrir | Prime ministers |
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| 3 Jul 1947 - 29 Jan 1948 | Amir Sjarifoeddin | Prime ministers |
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| 29 Jan 1948 - 16 Jan 1950 | Mohammad Hatta | Prime ministers |
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| 16 Jan 1950 - 5 Sep 1950 | Abdul Halim | Prime ministers |
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| 5 Sep 1950 - 26 Apr 1951 | Mohammad Natsir | Prime ministers |
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| 26 Apr 1951 - 1 Apr 1952 | Sukiman Wirjosandjojo | Prime ministers |
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| 1 Apr 1952 - 30 Jul 1953 | Wilopo | Prime ministers |
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| 30 Jul 1953 - 11 Aug 1955 | Ali Sastroamidjojo (1st time) | Prime ministers |
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| 11 Aug 1955 - 20 Mar 1956 | Burhanuddin Harahap | Prime ministers |
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| 20 Mar 1956 - 9 Apr 1957 | Ali Sastroamidjojo (2nd time) | Prime ministers |
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| 9 Apr 1957 - 9 Jul 1959 | Djuanda Kartawidjaja | Prime ministers |
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