Historical country records

Lithuania historical timeline

Lithuania

Date or term	Officeholder or event	Category
bf.1203	semi-legendary Grand Principality of Lithuania, ruled by a grand prince of Lithuania	Leaders
1253 - 1263	Grand Prince Mindaugas adopts style of Lithuanian and Russian King, etc.	Leaders
2 Feb 1386	by marriage with the Polish regnant queen Jadwiga, the grand prince Jogaila/Jagiello becomes Polish king occupy both thrones	Leaders
Jan 1401 - 1 Jun 1434	Jogaila oversees the successive grand princes of Lithuania with the style "supreme prince of Lithuania"	Leaders
4 Jul 1569	Accord of Lublin, colloquially known as "Union of Lublin," joining Poland and Lithuania officially, but not constitutionally, into United Commonwealth of the Two Nations, in short, The Commonwealth	Leaders
6 Jul 1572	last hereditary Polish king dies; kingship becomes elective; election as Polish king and grand prince of Lithuania is carried out jointly, but conduct of interregnum is separate	Leaders
3 May 1791	constitution gives formal sanction to the union	Leaders
7 Jan 1795	Third Partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth: the Grand Principality of Lithuania is incorporated into Russia, the emperor adopting the additional style of Grand Prince of Lithuania; this incorporation is (partially) interrupted in 1812, during Napoléon's invasion, and again in 1863 in conjunction with the "Second Insurrection" in Poland	Leaders
11 Dec 1917	independence declared by Lithuanian National Council; on 9 Jul 1918 it proclaims Wilhelm Herzog von Urach, Graf von Württemberg, as King Mindaugas II	Leaders
2 Nov 1918	independence (Republic of Lithuania)	Leaders
15 Jun 1940	occupied by Soviet Union	Leaders
21 Jul 1940	Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic	Leaders
3 Aug 1940	incorporation into the Soviet Union (see Soviet republics)	Leaders
11 Mar 1990	independence declared (Republic of Lithuania)	Leaders
6 Sep 1991	independence recognized by U.S.S.R.	Leaders
15 Sep 1697 - 16 Feb 1704	Augustas II "Stiprusis" (1st time)	Grand princes¹
16 Feb 1704 - 4 Oct 1705	Marcijonas Dominykas Vollovicius	Grand princes¹
4 Oct 1705 - 8 Aug 1709	Stanislovas I Lescinskis	Grand princes¹
8 Aug 1709 - 1 Feb 1733	Augustas II "Stiprusis" (2nd time)	Grand princes¹
1 Feb 1733 - 12 Sep 1733	Aleksandras Povilas Sapiega	Grand princes¹
12 Sep 1733 - 30 Jun 1734	Stanislovas I Lescinskis	Grand princes¹
30 Jun 1734 - 5 Oct 1763	Augustas III	Grand princes¹
5 Oct 1763 - 25 Nov 1764	Ignotas Oginskis (Grand Marshal)	Grand princes¹
25 Nov 1764 - 7 Jan 1795	Stanislovas II Augustas Poniatovskis (b. 1732 - d. 1798)	Grand princes¹
1 Jul 1812 - 24 Aug 1812	Stanislaw Soltan	Chairmen of the Lithuanian Provisional Government Commission
24 Aug 1812 - 8 Dec 1812	Dirk, graaf van Hogendorp	Chairmen of the Lithuanian Provisional Government Commission
1863 - 31 Jul 1863	Jakub Gieystor	Chairmen of the Lithuanian Provisional Government Commission
9 Jul 1918 - 2 Nov 1918	Mindaugas II	King
2 Nov 1918 - 19 Jun 1920	Antanas Smetona (1st time) 4 Apr 1919)	Presidents
19 Jun 1920 - 7 Jun 1926	Aleksandras Stulginskis (1st time)	Presidents
7 Jun 1926 - 18 Dec 1926	Kazys Grinius	Presidents
18 Dec 1926 - 19 Dec 1926	Jonas Staugaitis (acting)	Presidents
19 Dec 1926 (hours)	Aleksandras Stulginskis (2nd time)	Presidents
19 Dec 1926 - 15 Jun 1940	Antanas Smetona (2nd time)	Presidents
15 Jun 1940 - 17 Jun 1940	Antanas Merkys (acting)	Presidents
17 Jun 1940 - 3 Aug 1940	Justas Paleckis	Presidents
11 Mar 1990 - 25 Nov 1992	Vytautas Landsbergis	Presidents
25 Nov 1992 - 25 Feb 1998	Algirdas Brazauskas	Presidents
26 Feb 1998 - 25 Feb 2003	Valdas Adamkus (1st time)	Presidents
26 Feb 2003 - 6 Apr 2004	Rolandas Paksas	Presidents
6 Apr 2004 - 12 Jul 2004	Arturas Paulauskas (acting)	Presidents
12 Jul 2004 -	Valdas Adamkus (2nd time)	Presidents
14 Jul 1698 - Nov 1703	Aleksandras Povilas Sapiega 9 May 1708)	Grand marshals (chief ministers)
27 Nov 1703 - 4 Feb 1704	Mykolas Servacas Visnioveckis	Grand marshals (chief ministers)
4 Feb 1704 - 5 Aug 1712	Marcijonas Dominykas Vollovicius	Grand marshals (chief ministers)
5 Aug 1712 - 10 Apr 1713	Juozas Vandalinas Mnisekas	Grand marshals (chief ministers)
10 Apr 1713 - 4 Jan 1734	Aleksandras Povilas Sapiega	Grand marshals (chief ministers)
4 Jan 1734 - 15 Apr 1750	Povilas Karolis Sanguska	Grand marshals (chief ministers)
15 Apr 1750 - 22 Feb 1768	Ignotas Oginskis	Grand marshals (chief ministers)
22 Feb 1768 - 12 May 1781	Juozas Paulinas Sanguska	Grand marshals (chief ministers)
12 May 1781 - 23 May 1790	Vladyslovas Rokas Gurovskis	Grand marshals (chief ministers)
23 May 1790 - 3 May 1791	Grafas Romanas Ignacas Potockis	Grand marshals (chief ministers)
19 May 1791 - 7 May 1793	Stanislovas Soltanas (acting)	Grand marshals (chief ministers)
7 May 1793 - 24 Apr 1794	Grafas Liudvikas Skuminas Tiskevicius (b. 17... - d. 1808)	Grand marshals (chief ministers)
24 Apr 1794 - 12 Jun 1794	Jokubas Jasinskis	Chairman of the Supreme Lithuanian Council
12 Jun 1794 - Oct 1794	Central Deputacy (chair rotating) - Juozas Neselauskas (b. 1728 - d. 1814) - A. Tizenhauzas - J. Belapetravicius - Stanislovas Mirskis (b. 1756 - d. 1805) - B. Marikonis - D. Pilchauskas (b. 1735 - d. 1803)	Chairman of the Supreme Lithuanian Council
4 Nov 1918 - 26 Dec 1918	Augustinas Voldemaras (1st time)	Prime ministers
26 Dec 1918 - 12 Mar 1919	Mykolas Slezevicius (1st time)	Prime ministers
12 Mar 1919 - 12 Apr 1919	Pranas Dovydaitis	Prime ministers
12 Apr 1919 - 6 Oct 1919	Mykolas Slezevicius (2nd time)	Prime ministers
7 Oct 1919 - 19 Jun 1920	Ernestas Galvanauskas (1st time)	Prime ministers
19 Jun 1920 - 2 Feb 1922	Kazys Grinius	Prime ministers
2 Feb 1922 - 18 Jun 1924	Ernestas Galvanauskas (2nd time)	Prime ministers
18 Jun 1924 - 4 Feb 1925	Antanas Tumenas	Prime ministers
4 Feb 1925 - 19 Sep 1925	Vytautas Petrulis	Prime ministers
25 Sep 1925 - 15 Jun 1926	Leonas Bistras	Prime ministers
15 Jun 1926 - 17 Dec 1926	Mykolas Slezevicius (3rd time)	Prime ministers
17 Dec 1926 - 23 Sep 1929	Augustinas Voldemaras (2nd time)	Prime ministers
23 Sep 1929 - 24 Mar 1938	Juozas Tubelis	Prime ministers
24 Mar 1938 - 28 Mar 1939	Vladas Mironas	Prime ministers
28 Mar 1939 - 21 Nov 1939	Jonas Cernius	Prime ministers
21 Nov 1939 - 17 Jun 1940	Antanas Merkys	Prime ministers
17 Jun 1940 - 24 Jun 1940	Justas Paleckis	Prime ministers
24 Jun 1940 - 25 Aug 1940	Vincas Kreve-Mickevicius (acting)	Prime ministers
17 Mar 1990 - 10 Jan 1991	Kazimiera Prunskiene (f)	Prime ministers
10 Jan 1991 - 13 Jan 1991	Albertas Simenas	Prime ministers
13 Jan 1991 - 21 Jul 1992	Gediminas Vagnorius (1st time)	Prime ministers
21 Jul 1992 - 2 Dec 1992	Aleksandras Abisala	Prime ministers
2 Dec 1992 - 10 Mar 1993	Bronislovas Lubys	Prime ministers
10 Mar 1993 - 15 Feb 1996	Adolfas Slezevicius	Prime ministers
15 Feb 1996 - 27 Nov 1996	Laurynas Mindaugas Stankevicius	Prime ministers
27 Nov 1996 - 4 May 1999	Gediminas Vagnorius (2nd time)	Prime ministers
4 May 1999 - 18 May 1999	Irena Degutiene (f) (1st time)	Prime ministers
18 May 1999 - 27 Oct 1999	Rolandas Paksas (1st time)	Prime ministers
27 Oct 1999 - 3 Nov 1999	Irena Degutiene (f) (2nd time)	Prime ministers
3 Nov 1999 - 26 Oct 2000	Andrius Kubilius	Prime ministers
26 Oct 2000 - 20 Jun 2001	Rolandas Paksas (2nd time)	Prime ministers
20 Jun 2001 - 3 Jul 2001	Eugenijus Gentvilas (acting)	Prime ministers
3 Jul 2001 - 1 Jun 2006	Algirdas Brazauskas	Prime ministers
1 Jun 2006 - 4 Jul 2006	Zigmantas Balcytis (acting)	Prime ministers
4 Jul 2006 -	Gediminas Kirkilas	Prime ministers

Alternative Communist government

Date or term	Officeholder or event	Category
16 Dec 1918	Lithuanian Conciliar ("Soviet") Republic	Leaders
27 Feb 1919	"Litbel" (Lithuanian-Belorussian Soviet Socialist Republic)	Leaders
16 Dec 1918 - 20 Feb 1919	Vincas Kapsukas	Chairman of the Revolutionary Government
20 Feb 1919 - 1 Sep 1919	Kazimieras Cihovskis (Lithuanian) = Kazimir Genrykhavich Tsykhouski	Chairman of the Central Executive Committee

Polish irregular occupation of Vilnius

Date or term	Officeholder or event	Category
12 Oct 1920	Central Lithuania	Leaders
18 Apr 1922	annexation to Poland	Leaders
12 Oct 1920 - 30 Nov 1921	Lucjan Zeligowski	Head of State
30 Nov 1921 - 18 Apr 1922	Aleksander Michal Marian Meysztowicz (b. 1864 - d. 1943)	Chairman of the Provisional Commission of Government

Republic of Lithuania in exile

Date or term	Officeholder or event	Category
15 Jun 1940 - 24 Dec 1983	Stasys Lozoraitis (in Rome)	Heads of the Diplomatic Service
24 Dec 1983 - 15 Nov 1987	Stasys Backis (in Washington)	Heads of the Diplomatic Service
15 Nov 1987 - 6 Sep 1991	Stasys Lozoraitis (in Washington)	Heads of the Diplomatic Service

Samogitia

Date or term	Officeholder or event	Category
1413 - 1795	autonomous entity within Lithuania	Leaders
23 Jun 1698 - 17 Oct 1709	Kunigaikstis Grigalius Antanas Oginskis (b. 16... - d. 1709)	Elders
31 Oct 1709 - 26 Oct 1710	Aleksandras Juozas Unikovskis	Elders
26 Oct 1710 - 1729	Kazimieras Zaranekas-Horbovskis	Elders
1729 - 1736	Jurgis Jeronimas Kryspinas-Kirsensteinas (palatine) (b. c.1673 - d. 1736)	Elders
8 Jul 1737 - Jan 1754	Grafas Juozas Tiskevicius	Elders
1754 - 1765	Grafas Juozas Pacas	Elders
19 Aug 1765 - 1781	Grafas Jonas Mikalojus Katkevicius	Elders
1781 - 1795	Antanas Gelgudas	Elders

Memel Territory

Date or term	Officeholder or event	Category
1328	part of Prussia/Germany	Leaders
10 Jan 1920	Treaty of Versailles goes into effect; Memel Territory is detached from Germany and put under the administration of the Principal Allied and Associated Powers (through the Conference of Ambassadors)	Leaders
10 Jan 1923 - 16 Jan 1923	Lithuanian "irregulars" invade and occupy the territory and set up alternative government	Leaders
16 Feb 1923	Conference of Ambassadors acquiesces conditionally to putting Memel Territory under Lithuanian sovereignty; Lithuanian reply is regarded on 13 Mar 1923 as acceptance	Leaders
30 Jul 1924	Memel Convention is ratified by Lithuanian Diet and goes into effect de facto	Leaders
25 Aug 1925	with deposit of last ratifications Memel Convention goes into effect de jure; its provisions are never fully adhered to by Lithuania	Leaders
23 Mar 1939	Lithuania cedes Memel Territory to Germany with retroactive effect to 22 Mar 1939 (ratified by Lithuanian Diet 30 Mar 1939)	Leaders
10 Oct 1944	conquered by U.S.S.R.	Leaders
Nov 1944	reconquered by Germany	Leaders
28 Jan 1945	reconquered by U.S.S.R.	Leaders
7 Apr 1948	part of Lithuanian S.S.R.	Leaders
10 Jan 1920 - 15 Feb 1920	Georg Graf Lambsdorff	Imperial and (Prussian) State Commissioner for the Memel Territory
15 Feb 1920 - 1 May 1921	Dominique Odry	General Commissioners
1 May 1921 - 19 Feb 1923	Gabriel Petisné	General Commissioners
19 Feb 1923 - 24 Feb 1923	Jonas Budrys	General Commissioners
24 Feb 1923 - 27 Oct 1924	Antanas Smetona	General Commissioners
27 Oct 1924 - 8 Nov 1925	Jonas Budrys	Governors
8 Nov 1925 - 1 Aug 1926	Jonas Zilius	Governors
1 Aug 1926 - 1 Nov 1927	Karolis Zalkauskas	Governors
1 Nov 1927 - 19 May 1932	Antanas Merkys	Governors
19 May 1932 - 25 Nov 1933	Vytautas Gylys	Governors
25 Nov 1933 - 5 Feb 1935	Jonas Navakas	Governors
5 Feb 1935 - 15 Oct 1936	Vladas Kurkauskas	Governors
15 Oct 1936 - 12 Dec 1938	Jurgis Kubilius	Governors
12 Dec 1938 - 23 Mar 1939	Viktoras Gailius	Governors
17 Feb 1920 - 6 Aug 1921	Arthur Altenberg = Arturas Altenbergas	Presidents of the Directory (German and Lithuanian names)
6 Aug 1921 - 15 Jan 1923	Wilhelm Stepputat = Vilius Steputaitis (b. 1868 - d. 1941)	Presidents of the Directory (German and Lithuanian names)
9 Jan 1923 - 15 Jan 1923	Martinas Jankus in opposition)	Presidents of the Directory (German and Lithuanian names)
15 Jan 1923 - 14 Feb 1923	Erdmann Simonaitis = Erdmonas Simonaitis (1st time) (b. 1888 - d. 1969)	Presidents of the Directory (German and Lithuanian names)
15 Feb 1923 - 4 Feb 1925	Viktor Gailius = Viktoras Gailius	Presidents of the Directory (German and Lithuanian names)
5 Feb 1925 - 15 Jan 1926	Andreas Borchert = Endrius Borchertas (b. 1891 - d. 1957)	Presidents of the Directory (German and Lithuanian names)
16 Jan 1926 - 24 Nov 1926	Erdmann Simonaitis = Erdmonas Simonaitis (2nd time) (s.a.)	Presidents of the Directory (German and Lithuanian names)
25 Nov 1926 - 4 Jan 1927	W. Falk = V. Falkas	Presidents of the Directory (German and Lithuanian names)
5 Jan 1927 - 2 Dec 1927	W. Schwellnus = V. Svelnys	Presidents of the Directory (German and Lithuanian names)
2 Dec 1927 - 15 Aug 1930	O. Kadgiehn = O. Kadgienas	Presidents of the Directory (German and Lithuanian names)
16 Aug 1930 - 12 Jan 1931	Martin Reisgys = Martinas Reizgys (1st time) (b. 1886 - d. 1942)	Presidents of the Directory (German and Lithuanian names)
13 Jan 1931 - 23 Feb 1932	Otto Böttcher = Otonas Betcheris by the following)	Presidents of the Directory (German and Lithuanian names)
23 Feb 1932 - 1 Mar 1932	J. Tolischus = J. Tolisius (acting)	Presidents of the Directory (German and Lithuanian names)
2 Mar 1932 - 6 Jun 1932	Eduard Simaitis = Eduardas Simaitis (b. 1897 - d. 1942)	Presidents of the Directory (German and Lithuanian names)
6 Jun 1932 - 28 Jun 1934	Ottomar Schreiber = Otomaras Sreiberis (b. 1889 - d. 1955)	Presidents of the Directory (German and Lithuanian names)
28 Jun 1934 - 3 Dec 1934	Martin Reisgys = Martinas Reizgys (2nd time) (s.a.)	Presidents of the Directory (German and Lithuanian names)
4 Dec 1934 - 27 Nov 1935	Georg Bruvelaitis = Jurgis Bruvelaitis	Presidents of the Directory (German and Lithuanian names)
28 Nov 1935 - 20 Jan 1939	August Baldschus = Augustas Baldzius	Presidents of the Directory (German and Lithuanian names)
20 Jan 1939 - 23 Mar 1939	Willy Bertuleit = Vilius Bertulaitas	Presidents of the Directory (German and Lithuanian names)