Historical country records
Netherlands, The historical timeline
Netherlands, The
| Date or term | Officeholder or event | Category | Affiliation / detail |
|---|---|---|---|
| 26 Jul 1581 | the Staten-Generaal (Estates-General, usually mistranslated States-General) becomes the supreme authority of the United Netherlands; from c.1648 in regular non-official use Republic of the United Netherlands or Republic of the United Provinces | Leaders | |
| 22 Nov 1747 | hereditability of office of stadholder in all provinces enacted; style becomes General Hereditary Stadholder of the United Netherlands | Leaders | |
| 16 Feb 1795 | office of stadholder abolished by Staten-Generaal, now styled Algemene Staten (General Estates) | Leaders | |
| 16 May 1795 | Batavian Republic (in informal official use from 19 Jan 1795) | Leaders | |
| 29 Apr 1805 | Batavian Commonwealth | Leaders | |
| 5 Jun 1806 | Kingdom of Holland | Leaders | |
| 13 Jul 1810 | annexed by France | Leaders | |
| 21 Nov 1813 | United Netherlands | Leaders | |
| 16 Mar 1815 | Kingdom of The Netherlands | Leaders | |
| 10 May 1940 - 5 May 1945 | German occupation | Leaders | |
| 22 Nov 1747¹- 22 Oct 1751 | Willem IV Karel Hendrik Friso | Stadholders | |
| 22 Oct 1751 - 16 Feb 1795 | Willem V Batavus Netherlands 1785-87) | Stadholders | |
| 22 Oct 1751 - 12 Jan 1759 | Princess Anne (f) (regent) | Stadholders | |
| 17 Jan 1795 - 1795 | Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck | Presidents of the Revolutionary Committee | |
| 1795 | Wijbo Fijnje | Presidents of the Revolutionary Committee | |
| 1795 - 6 Feb 1795 | Pieter Paulus | Presidents of the Revolutionary Committee | |
| 30 Mar 1795 - 6 Apr 1795 | Johannes Lambertus Huber | Presidents of the General Estates | |
| 5 May 1795 - May 1795 | Pieter Paulus (1st time) | Presidents of the General Estates | |
| 19 May 1795 - 2 Jun 1795 | Jacob George Hieronymus Hahn | Presidents of the General Estates | |
| 6 Jul 1795 - 1795 | Willem Aernout de Beveren | Presidents of the General Estates | |
| Sep 1795 - 1795 | Pieter Paulus (2nd time) | Presidents of the General Estates | |
| 1795 - 25 Nov 1795 | Gerrit David Jordens | Presidents of the General Estates | |
| 1795 - Dec 1795 | Pieter Pijpers | Presidents of the General Estates | |
| Dec 1795 - 179. | Johannes Lambertus Huber | Presidents of the General Estates | |
| 1 Mar 1796 - 17 Mar 1796 | Pieter Paulus | imitation of French parallel) | |
| 17 Mar 1796 - 2 Apr 1796 | Pieter Leonard van de Kasteele | imitation of French parallel) | |
| 2 Apr 1796 - 18 Apr 1796 | Albert Johan de Sitter | imitation of French parallel) | |
| 18 Apr 1796 - 2 May 1796 | Jan Bernd Bicker (1st time) | imitation of French parallel) | |
| 2 May 1796 - 17 May 1796 | Daniël Cornelis de Leeuw | imitation of French parallel) | |
| 17 May 1796 - 30 May 1796 | Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck | imitation of French parallel) | |
| 30 May 1796 - 13 Jun 1796 | Joan Arend de Vos van Steenwijk | imitation of French parallel) | |
| 13 Jun 1796 - 27 Jun 1796 | Jacob George Hieronymus Hahn | imitation of French parallel) | |
| 27 Jun 1796 - 11 Jul 1796 | Paulus Hartog | imitation of French parallel) | |
| 11 Jul 1796 - 25 Jul 1796 | Willem Aernout de Beveren | imitation of French parallel) | |
| 25 Jul 1796 - 8 Aug 1796 | Ludovicus Timon de Kempenaer | imitation of French parallel) | |
| 8 Aug 1796 - 22 Aug 1796 | Jan Pieter van Wickevoort Crommelin (b. 1763 - d. 1837) | imitation of French parallel) | |
| 22 Aug 1796 - 5 Sep 1796 | Paulus Emmanuel Anthony de la Court (b. 1760 - d. 1848) | imitation of French parallel) | |
| 5 Sep 1796 - 19 Sep 1796 | Jacob Jan Cambier | imitation of French parallel) | |
| 19 Sep 1796 - 3 Oct 1796 | Jacobus Kantelaar | imitation of French parallel) | |
| 3 Oct 1796 - 17 Oct 1796 | Tammo Adriaan ten Berge | imitation of French parallel) | |
| 17 Oct 1796 - 31 Oct 1796 | Bernardus Blok | imitation of French parallel) | |
| 31 Oct 1796 - 14 Nov 1796 | Gerrit David Jordens | imitation of French parallel) | |
| 14 Nov 1796 - 28 Nov 1796 | Abraham Gijsbertus Verster | imitation of French parallel) | |
| 28 Nov 1796 - 12 Dec 1796 | IJsbrand van Hamelsveld | imitation of French parallel) | |
| 12 Dec 1796 - 27 Dec 1796 | Cornelis van Lennep | imitation of French parallel) | |
| 27 Dec 1796 - 9 Jan 1797 | Jan Hendrik Stoffenberg | imitation of French parallel) | |
| 9 Jan 1797 - 23 Jan 1797 | Lambert Engelbert van Eck | imitation of French parallel) | |
| 23 Jan 1797 - 6 Feb 1797 | Willem Queysen | imitation of French parallel) | |
| 6 Feb 1797 - 20 Feb 1797 | Carel de Vos van Steenwijk | imitation of French parallel) | |
| 20 Feb 1797 - 6 Mar 1797 | Hendrik van Castrop | imitation of French parallel) | |
| 6 Mar 1797 - 20 Mar 1797 | Meinardus Siderius | imitation of French parallel) | |
| 20 Mar 1797 - 3 Apr 1797 | Cornelis Wilhelmus de Rhoer | imitation of French parallel) | |
| 3 Apr 1797 - 18 Apr 1797 | Jan Couperus | imitation of French parallel) | |
| 18 Apr 1797 - 1 May 1797 | Jacob Abraham de Mist | imitation of French parallel) | |
| 1 May 1797 - 15 May 1797 | Jan Bernd Bicker (2nd time) | imitation of French parallel) | |
| 15 May 1797 - 29 May 1797 | Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck | imitation of French parallel) | |
| 29 May 1797 - 12 Jun 1797 | Gerard Willem van Marle | imitation of French parallel) | |
| 12 Jun 1797 - 26 Jun 1797 | Herman Hendrik Vitringa | imitation of French parallel) | |
| 26 Jun 1797 - 10 Jul 1797 | Johan Herman de Lange | imitation of French parallel) | |
| 10 Jul 1797 - 24 Jul 1797 | Ambrosius Justus Zubli | imitation of French parallel) | |
| 24 Jul 1797 - 7 Aug 1797 | Willem Hendrik Teding van Berkhout | imitation of French parallel) | |
| 7 Aug 1797 - 21 Aug 1797 | Scato Trip | imitation of French parallel) | |
| 21 Aug 1797 - 1 Sep 1797 | Pieter Leonard van de Kasteele | imitation of French parallel) | |
| 1 Sep 1797 - 18 Sep 1797 | Jan David Pasteur | imitation of French parallel) | |
| 18 Sep 1797 - 2 Oct 1797 | Adrianus Ploos van Amstel | imitation of French parallel) | |
| 2 Oct 1797 - 16 Oct 1797 | Joachim Nuhout van der Veen | imitation of French parallel) | |
| 16 Oct 1797 - 30 Oct 1797 | Hugo Gevers | imitation of French parallel) | |
| 30 Oct 1797 - 13 Nov 1797 | Jacob van Manen | imitation of French parallel) | |
| 13 Nov 1797 - 27 Nov 1797 | Pieter Vreede | imitation of French parallel) | |
| 27 Nov 1797 - 11 Dec 1797 | Stefanus Jacobus van Langen | imitation of French parallel) | |
| 11 Dec 1797 - 27 Dec 1797 | Jacobus Blaauw | imitation of French parallel) | |
| 27 Dec 1797 - 8 Jan 1798 | Joan Bernard Auffmorth | imitation of French parallel) | |
| 8 Jan 1798 - 22 Jan 1798 | Joannes Franciscus Rudolphus van Hooff (b. 1755 - d. 1816) | imitation of French parallel) | |
| 22 Jan 1798 - 25 Jan 1798 | Johannes Henricus Midderigh | imitation of French parallel) | |
| 25 Jan 1798 - 24 Feb 1798 | Pieter Vreede | imitation of French parallel) | |
| 25 Feb 1798 - 24 Mar 1798 | Wijbo Fijnje | imitation of French parallel) | |
| 25 Mar 1798 - 24 Apr 1798 | Stefanus Jacobus van Langen | imitation of French parallel) | |
| 25 Apr 1798 - 24 May 1798 | Berend Wildrik | imitation of French parallel) | |
| 25 May 1798 - 12 Jun 1798 | Johan Pieter Fokker | imitation of French parallel) | |
| 12 Jun 1798 - 17 Aug 1798 | Intermediair Bestuur (Interim Government); from 14 Jun 1798, Intermediair uitvoerend bewind - Jacobus Spoors - Gerrit Jan Pijman (b. 1750 - d. 1839) - Isaäk Jan Alexander Gogel (b. 1765 - d. 1821) - Reinier Willem Tadama (b. 1771 - d. 1812) - Abraham Jacques La Pierre | imitation of French parallel) | |
| 17 Aug 1798 - 16 Sep 1798 | Albert Willem Hoeth (1st time) | imitation of French parallel) | |
| 17 Sep 1798 - 16 Oct 1798 | Johannes Willem van Hasselt | imitation of French parallel) | |
| 17 Oct 1798 - 16 Nov 1798 | François Ermerins (1st time) | imitation of French parallel) | |
| 17 Nov 1798 - 16 Dec 1798 | Anthony Frederik Robbert Evert van Haersolte, heer van Staverden | imitation of French parallel) | |
| 17 Dec 1798 - 16 Jan 1799 | Joannes Franciscus Rudolphus van Hooff (1st time) (s.a.) | imitation of French parallel) | |
| 17 Jan 1799 - 16 Feb 1799 | Albert Willem Hoeth (2nd time) | imitation of French parallel) | |
| 17 Feb 1799 - 16 Mar 1799 | Johannes Willem van Hasselt | imitation of French parallel) | |
| 17 Mar 1799 - 16 Apr 1799 | François Ermerins (2nd time) | imitation of French parallel) | |
| 17 Apr 1799 - 16 May 1799 | Anthony Frederik Robbert Evert van Haersolte, heer van Staverden | imitation of French parallel) | |
| 17 May 1799 - 16 Jun 1799 | Joannes Franciscus Rudolphus van Hooff (2nd time) (s.a.) | imitation of French parallel) | |
| 17 Jun 1799 - 16 Jul 1799 | Albert Willem Hoeth (3rd time) | imitation of French parallel) | |
| 17 Jul 1799 - 16 Aug 1799 | Augustijn Gerhard Besier | imitation of French parallel) | |
| 17 Aug 1799 - 16 Sep 1799 | François Ermerins (3rd time) | imitation of French parallel) | |
| 17 Sep 1799 - 16 Oct 1799 | Anthony Frederik Robbert Evert van Haersolte, heer van Staverden | imitation of French parallel) | |
| 17 Oct 1799 - 16 Nov 1799 | Joannes Franciscus Rudolphus van Hooff (3rd time) (s.a.) | imitation of French parallel) | |
| 17 Nov 1799 - 16 Dec 1799 | Albert Willem Hoeth (4th time) | imitation of French parallel) | |
| 17 Dec 1799 - 16 Jan 1800 | Augustijn Gerhard Besier | imitation of French parallel) | |
| 17 Jan 1800 - 16 Feb 1800 | François Ermerins (4th time) | imitation of French parallel) | |
| 17 Feb 1800 - 16 Mar 1800 | Anthony Frederik Robbert Evert van Haersolte, heer van Staverden | imitation of French parallel) | |
| 17 Mar 1800 - 16 Apr 1800 | Joannes Franciscus Rudolphus van Hooff (4th time) (s.a.) | imitation of French parallel) | |
| 17 Apr 1800 - 16 May 1800 | Albert Willem Hoeth (5th time) | imitation of French parallel) | |
| 17 May 1800 - 16 Jun 1800 | Augustijn Gerhard Besier | imitation of French parallel) | |
| 17 Jun 1800 - 16 Jul 1800 | François Ermerins (5th time) | imitation of French parallel) | |
| 17 Jul 1800 - 16 Aug 1800 | Anthony Frederik Robbert Evert van Haersolte, heer van Staverden | imitation of French parallel) | |
| 17 Aug 1800 - 16 Sep 1800 | Jan Hendrik van Swinden (1st time) | imitation of French parallel) | |
| 17 Sep 1800 - 16 Oct 1800 | Albert Willem Hoeth (6th time) | imitation of French parallel) | |
| 17 Oct 1800 - 16 Nov 1800 | Augustijn Gerhard Besier | imitation of French parallel) | |
| 17 Nov 1800 - 16 Dec 1800 | François Ermerins (6th time) | imitation of French parallel) | |
| 17 Dec 1800 - 16 Jan 1801 | Anthony Frederik Robbert Evert van Haersolte, heer van Staverden | imitation of French parallel) | |
| 17 Jan 1801 - 16 Feb 1801 | Jan Hendrik van Swinden (2nd time) | imitation of French parallel) | |
| 17 Feb 1801 - 16 Mar 1801 | Albert Willem Hoeth (7th time) | imitation of French parallel) | |
| 17 Mar 1801 - 16 Apr 1801 | Augustijn Gerhard Besier | imitation of French parallel) | |
| 17 Apr 1801 - 16 May 1801 | François Ermerins (7th time) | imitation of French parallel) | |
| 17 May 1801 - 16 Jun 1801 | Anthony Frederik Robbert Evert van Haersolte, heer van Staverden | imitation of French parallel) | |
| 17 Jun 1801 - 16 Jul 1801 | Jan Hendrik van Swinden (3rd time) | imitation of French parallel) | |
| 17 Jul 1801 - 16 Aug 1801 | Gerrit Jan Pijman | imitation of French parallel) | |
| 17 Aug 1801 - 16 Sep 1801 | Augustijn Gerhard Besier | imitation of French parallel) | |
| 17 Sep 1801 - 16 Oct 1801 | François Ermerins (8th time) | imitation of French parallel) | |
| 17 Oct 1801 | Anthony Frederik Robbert Evert van Haersolte, heer van Staverden | imitation of French parallel) | |
| 17 Oct 1801 - 31 Jan 1802 | Willem Aernout de Beveren | as State Council) | |
| 1 Feb 1802 - 30 Apr 1802 | Egbert Sjuck Gerrold Juckema van Burmania Rengers (b. 1745 - d. 1806) | as State Council) | |
| 1 May 1802 - 31 Jul 1802 | Samuel van Hoogstraten | as State Council) | |
| 1 Aug 1802 - 31 Oct 1802 | Gerrit Jan Pijman | as State Council) | |
| 1 Nov 1802 - 31 Jan 1803 | Johannes Baptista Verheyen | as State Council) | |
| 1 Feb 1803 - 30 Apr 1803 | Jacobus Spoors | as State Council) | |
| 1 May 1803 - 31 Jul 1803 | Campegius Hermannus Gockinga | as State Council) | |
| 1 Aug 1803 - 31 Oct 1803 | Daniël Cornelis de Leeuw | as State Council) | |
| 1 Nov 1803 - 31 Jan 1804 | Augustijn Gerhard Besier | as State Council) | |
| 1 Feb 1804 - 30 Apr 1804 | Anthony Frederik Robbert Evert van Haersolte, heer van Staverden (s.a.) | as State Council) | |
| 1 May 1804 - 31 Jul 1804 | Gerard Brantsen | as State Council) | |
| 1 Aug 1804 - 31 Oct 1804 | Willem Queysen | as State Council) | |
| 1 Nov 1804 - 31 Jan 1805 | Willem Aernout de Beveren | as State Council) | |
| 1 Feb 1805 - 29 Apr 1805 | Jan Bernd Bicker | as State Council) | |
| 29 Apr 1805 - 4 Jun 1806 | Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck | Grand Pensionaries) | |
| 4 Jun 1806 - 5 Jun 1806 | Carel de Vos van Steenwijk | Grand Pensionaries) | |
| 5 Jun 1806 - 1 Jul 1810 | Lodewijk I Napoleon | Bonaparte dynasty | |
| 1 Jul 1810 - 13 Jul 1810 | Napoleon Lodewijk II | Bonaparte dynasty | |
| 21 Nov 1813 - 2 Dec 1813 | General Government in the name of the Prince of Oranje-Nassau - Gijsbert Karel van Hogendorp (b. 1762 - d. 1834) - Adam François Jules Armand van der Duyn, heer van Maasdam (b. 1771 - d. 1848) - Leopold Karel, graaf van Limburg Stirum (b. 1758 - d. 1840) | Bonaparte dynasty | |
| 2 Dec 1813 - 16 Mar 1815 | Willem VI Frederik | Oranje-Nassau dynasty | |
| 16 Mar 1815 - 7 Oct 1840 | Willem I | Oranje-Nassau dynasty | |
| 7 Oct 1840 - 17 Mar 1849 | Willem II | Oranje-Nassau dynasty | |
| 17 Mar 1849 - 23 Nov 1890 | Willem III | Oranje-Nassau dynasty | |
| 23 Nov 1890 - 4 Sep 1948 | Wilhelmina (f) | Oranje-Nassau dynasty | |
| 8 Dec 1890 - 31 Aug 1898 | Emma (f) (regent) | Oranje-Nassau dynasty | |
| 20 May 1940 - 29 May 1940 | Alexander von Falkenhausen | Oranje-Nassau dynasty | |
| 29 May 1940 - 5 May 1945 | Arthur Seyss-Inquart | Oranje-Nassau dynasty | |
| 14 Oct 1947 - 1 Dec 1947 | Juliana (f) (1st time) (regent) | Oranje-Nassau dynasty | |
| 14 May 1948 - 30 Aug 1948 | Juliana (f) (2nd time) (regent) | Oranje-Nassau dynasty | |
| 4 Sep 1948 - 30 Apr 1980 | Juliana (f) | Oranje-Nassau dynasty | |
| 30 Apr 1980 - | Beatrix (f) | Oranje-Nassau dynasty | |
| 3 Nov 1877 - 19 Aug 1879 | Jan Kappeyne van de Coppello | Prime ministers (until 19 Feb 1937 formers of the cabinet) | lib |
| 19 Aug 1879 - 22 Apr 1883 | Theo graaf van Lynden van Sandenburg c-p (b. 1826 - d. 1885) | Prime ministers (until 19 Feb 1937 formers of the cabinet) | |
| 22 Apr 1883 - 20 Apr 1888 | Jan Heemskerk Abrahamzoon | Prime ministers (until 19 Feb 1937 formers of the cabinet) | con |
| 20 Apr 1888 - 21 Aug 1891 | Æneas baron Mackay | Prime ministers (until 19 Feb 1937 formers of the cabinet) | ARP |
| 21 Aug 1891 - 8 May 1894 | Gijsbert van Tienhoven | Prime ministers (until 19 Feb 1937 formers of the cabinet) | lib |
| 8 May 1894 - 26 Jul 1897 | Joan Röell | Prime ministers (until 19 Feb 1937 formers of the cabinet) | ofl |
| 26 Jul 1897 - 31 Jul 1901 | Nicolaas Gerard Pierson | Prime ministers (until 19 Feb 1937 formers of the cabinet) | LU |
| 31 Jul 1901 - 16 Aug 1905 | Abraham Kuyper | Prime ministers (until 19 Feb 1937 formers of the cabinet) | ARP |
| 16 Aug 1905 - 11 Feb 1908 | Theodoor Herman de Meester | Prime ministers (until 19 Feb 1937 formers of the cabinet) | LU |
| 11 Feb 1908 - 29 Aug 1913 | Theo Heemskerk | Prime ministers (until 19 Feb 1937 formers of the cabinet) | ARP |
| 29 Aug 1913 - 9 Sep 1918 | Pieter Willem Adriaan Cort van der Linden lib (b. 1846 - d. 1935) | Prime ministers (until 19 Feb 1937 formers of the cabinet) | |
| 9 Sep 1918 - 3 Aug 1925 | Charles Ruijs de Beerenbrouck | Prime ministers (until 19 Feb 1937 formers of the cabinet) | |
| 4 Aug 1925 - 8 Mar 1926 | Hendrikus Colijn (1st time) | Prime ministers (until 19 Feb 1937 formers of the cabinet) | ARP |
| 8 Mar 1926 - 10 Aug 1929 | Dirk Jan de Geer (1st time) | Prime ministers (until 19 Feb 1937 formers of the cabinet) | CHU |
| 10 Aug 1929 - 26 May 1933 | Charles Ruijs de Beerenbrouck | Prime ministers (until 19 Feb 1937 formers of the cabinet) | |
| 26 May 1933 - 10 Aug 1939 | Hendrikus Colijn (2nd time) | Prime ministers (until 19 Feb 1937 formers of the cabinet) | ARP |
| 10 Aug 1939 - 3 Sep 1940 | Dirk Jan de Geer (2nd time) | Prime ministers (until 19 Feb 1937 formers of the cabinet) | CHU |
| 3 Sep 1940 - 24 Jun 1945 | Pieter Sjoerds Gerbrandy | Prime ministers (until 19 Feb 1937 formers of the cabinet) | ARP |
| 24 Jun 1945 - 3 Jul 1946 | Willem Schermerhorn 9 Feb 1946: PvdA (b. 1894 - d. 1977) | Prime ministers (until 19 Feb 1937 formers of the cabinet) | VDB; |
| 3 Jul 1946 - 7 Aug 1948 | Louis Beel (1st time) | Prime ministers (until 19 Feb 1937 formers of the cabinet) | KVP |
| 7 Aug 1948 - 22 Dec 1958 | Willem Drees | Prime ministers (until 19 Feb 1937 formers of the cabinet) | PvdA |
| 22 Dec 1958 - 19 May 1959 | Louis Beel (2nd time) | Prime ministers (until 19 Feb 1937 formers of the cabinet) | KVP |
| 19 May 1959 - 24 Jul 1963 | Jan Eduard de Quay | Prime ministers (until 19 Feb 1937 formers of the cabinet) | KVP |
| 24 Jul 1963 - 14 Apr 1965 | Victor Marijnen | Prime ministers (until 19 Feb 1937 formers of the cabinet) | KVP |
| 14 Apr 1965 - 22 Nov 1966 | Jo Cals | Prime ministers (until 19 Feb 1937 formers of the cabinet) | KVP |
| 22 Nov 1966 - 5 Apr 1967 | Jelle Zijlstra | Prime ministers (until 19 Feb 1937 formers of the cabinet) | ARP |
| 5 Apr 1967 - 6 Jul 1971 | Piet de Jong | Prime ministers (until 19 Feb 1937 formers of the cabinet) | KVP |
| 6 Jul 1971 - 11 May 1973 | Barend Biesheuvel | Prime ministers (until 19 Feb 1937 formers of the cabinet) | ARP |
| 11 May 1973 - 19 Dec 1977 | Joop den Uyl | Prime ministers (until 19 Feb 1937 formers of the cabinet) | PvdA |
| 19 Dec 1977 - 4 Nov 1982 | Andreas van Agt 11 Oct 1980: CDA (b. 1931) | Prime ministers (until 19 Feb 1937 formers of the cabinet) | KVP; |
| 4 Nov 1982 - 22 Aug 1994 | Ruud Lubbers | Prime ministers (until 19 Feb 1937 formers of the cabinet) | CDA |
| 22 Aug 1994 - 22 Jul 2002 | Wim Kok | Prime ministers (until 19 Feb 1937 formers of the cabinet) | PvdA |
| 22 Jul 2002 - | Jan Peter Balkenende | Prime ministers (until 19 Feb 1937 formers of the cabinet) | CDA |