Historical country records

Poland historical timeline

Poland

Date or term	Officeholder or event	Category
501	legendary date of foundation of Polish Principality	Leaders
964	reign of first documented prince (Mieszko I)	Leaders
25 Dec 1024	Polish Kingdom	Leaders
1031	Polish Principality	Leaders
25 Dec 1076	Polish Kingdom	Leaders
Jun 1079	Polish Principality	Leaders
28 Oct 1138	divisions into several principalities, until 1180 under nominal coordination by one of the princes, styled Senior Polish Prince	Leaders
26 Jun 1295 - 8 Feb 1296	Przemysl II styled Polish King	Leaders
20 Jan 1320	all Poland, except for Silesia, reunited into Polish Kingdom	Leaders
1370	kingship becomes elective, but de facto the Diet chooses the kings in hereditary order until 1572	Leaders
4 Jul 1569	Accord of Lublin, colloquially known as "Union of Lublin," joining Poland and Lithuania officially, but not constitutionally, into United Commonwealth of the Two Nations, in short, The Commonwealth	Leaders
6 Jul 1572	last hereditary Polish king dies; power to elect the king moves from the Diet to the whole nobility; election as Polish king and grand prince of Lithuania is carried out jointly, but conduct of interregnum is separate	Leaders
3 May 1791	constitution gives formal sanction to the union with Lithuania	Leaders
7 Jan 1795	incorporated into Russia	Leaders
9 Jul 1807	Duchy of Warsaw	Leaders
20 Jun 1815 - 5 Nov 1916	Polish Kingdom, in (nominally personal, actually subordinate) union with Russia, established by the Congress of Vienna (thus often referred to by historians as Congress Poland)	Leaders
25 Jan 1831 - 26 Sep 1831	"First Insurrection"	Leaders
22 Jan 1863 - Apr 1865	"Second Insurrection"	Leaders
14 Jan 1917	Polish Kingdom	Leaders
6 Nov 1918	Polish State	Leaders
22 Nov 1918	Polish Republic	Leaders
1 Sep 1939	German invasion	Leaders
17 Sep 1939	Soviet invasion	Leaders
6 Oct 1939	last Polish troops capitulate; the German-occupied area is partly annexed to Germany, the other part becomes the General Government of Poland on 12 Oct 1939	Leaders
Jun 1941	Germany takes over the Soviet-occupied areas; they are divided between the General Government and the Reichskommissariate Ostland and Ukraine, while the Bialystok district is "attached" (but not incorporated) to East Prussia	Leaders
1 Jan 1944	Polish Republic	Leaders
1 Aug 1952	Polish People's Republic	Leaders
30 Dec 1989	Polish Republic	Leaders
(from 20 Dec 1948, Polish U	nited Workers' Party)	Secretaries-general of the Polish Workers' (Communist) Party
23 Nov 1943 - 3 Sep 1948	Wladyslaw Gomulka (1st time)	Secretaries-general of the Polish Workers' (Communist) Party
3 Sep 1948 - 12 Mar 1956	Boleslaw Bierut	Secretaries-general of the Polish Workers' (Communist) Party
20 Mar 1956 - 21 Oct 1956	Edward Ochab	Secretaries-general of the Polish Workers' (Communist) Party
21 Oct 1956 - 20 Dec 1970	Wladyslaw Gomulka (2nd time)	Secretaries-general of the Polish Workers' (Communist) Party
20 Dec 1970 - 6 Sep 1980	Edward Gierek	Secretaries-general of the Polish Workers' (Communist) Party
6 Sep 1980 - 18 Oct 1981	Stanislaw Kania	Secretaries-general of the Polish Workers' (Communist) Party
18 Oct 1981 - 29 Jul 1989	Wojciech Jaruzelski	Secretaries-general of the Polish Workers' (Communist) Party
29 Jul 1989 - 27 Jan 1990	Mieczyslaw Rakowski	Secretaries-general of the Polish Workers' (Communist) Party
15 Sep 1697 - 16 Feb 1704	August II "Mocny" (1st time)	Kings¹
16 Feb 1704 - 4 Oct 1705	Augustyn Michal Stefan Radziejowski (Interrex) (b. 1645 - d. 1705)	Kings¹
4 Oct 1705 - 8 Aug 1709	Stanislaw I Leszczynski (1st time)	Kings¹
8 Aug 1709 - 1 Feb 1733	August II "Mocny" (2nd time)	Kings¹
1 Feb 1733 - 12 Sep 1733	Teodor Andrzej Potocki (Interrex)	Kings¹
12 Sep 1733 - 30 Jun 1734	Stanislaw I Leszczynski (2nd time)	Kings¹
30 Jun 1734 - 5 Oct 1763	August III	Kings¹
5 Oct 1763 - 25 Nov 1764	Wladyslaw Aleksander Lubienski	Kings¹
25 Nov 1764 - 7 Jan 1795	Stanislaw II August Poniatowski	Kings¹
14 Jan 1807 - 9 Jul 1807	Stanislaw Malachowski	Chairman of the Governing Commission
9 Jul 1807 - 14 Mar 1813	Fryderyk August	Wettin dynasty
14 Mar 1813 - 9 Jun 1815	Wasilij Lanskoj	Chairman of the Supreme Provisional Council of the Duchy of Warsaw
20 Jun 1815 - 5 Nov 1916	the emperors of Russia	Kings
25 Jan 1831 - 30 Jan 1831	Wladyslaw Tomasz hrabia Ostrowski + Adam Jerzy ksiaze Czartoryski (b. 1770 - d. 1861)	Presidents of the National Government
30 Jan 1831 - 17 Aug 1831	Adam Jerzy ksiaze Czartoryski	Presidents of the National Government
17 Aug 1831 - 7 Sep 1831	Jan Stefan Krukowiecki	Presidents of the National Government
7 Sep 1831 - 26 Sep 1831	Bonawentura Niemojowski	Presidents of the National Government
22 Jan 1863 - 10 Mar 1863	Stefan Bobrowski Committee acting as Provisional National Government) together with Ludwik Mieroslawski (b. 1814 - d. 1878) Insurrection; in exile to 17 Feb 1863)	Presidents of the National Government
10 Mar 1863 - 19 Mar 1863	Marian Langiewicz (dictator)	Presidents of the National Government
19 Mar 1863 - 20 Mar 1863	Executive Dictatorial Commission - Józef Kajetan Janowski (b. 1832 - d. 1914) - Agaton Giller (b. 1831 - d. 1887) - Stefan Bobrowski (s.a.)	Presidents of the National Government
21 Mar 1863 - 24 May 1863	Central National Committee acting as Provisional National Government - Józef Kajetan Janowski (s.a.) - Agaton Giller (s.a.) - Stefan Bobrowski (s.a.) - Karol Ruprecht (b. 1821 - d. 1875) - Oskar Awejde (b. 1837 - d. 1897) - Edward Siwinski (b. 1831 - d. 1897)	Presidents of the National Government
24 May 1863 - 1863	Piotr Wysocki	Chairmen of the National Government
1863 - 14 Jun 1863	Franciszek Dobrowolski (1st time)	Chairmen of the National Government
14 Jun 1863 - 17 Sep 1863	Karol Majewski	Chairmen of the National Government
17 Sep 1863 - 17 Oct 1863	Franciszek Dobrowolski (2nd time)	Chairmen of the National Government
17 Oct 1863 - 10 Apr 1864	Romuald Traugutt	Head of the National Government (also styled Dictator)
10 Apr 1864 - Apr 1865	Bronislaw Brzezinski	President of the National Government
14 Jan 1917 - 25 Aug 1917	Waclaw Niemojowski	Chairmen of the Provisional Council of State
25 Aug 1917 - 27 Oct 1917	Józef Mikulowski Pomorski (acting)	Chairmen of the Provisional Council of State
27 Oct 1917 - 14 Nov 1918	Regency Council - Aleksander Kakowski (b. 1862 - d. 1938) - Prince Zdzislaw Lubomirski (b. 1865 - d. 1943) - Józef hrabia Ostrowski (b. 1850 - d. 1923)	Chairmen of the Provisional Council of State
14 Nov 1918 - 14 Dec 1922	Józef Pilsudski	Head of State
14 Dec 1922 - 16 Dec 1922	Gabriel Narutowicz	Presidents
16 Dec 1922 - 20 Dec 1922	Maciej Rataj (1st time) (acting)	Presidents
20 Dec 1922 - 15 May 1926	Stanislaw Wojciechowski	Presidents
15 May 1926 - 4 Jun 1926	Maciej Rataj (2nd time) (acting)	Presidents
4 Jun 1926 - 30 Sep 1939	Ignacy Moscicki	Presidents
12 Oct 1939 - 17 Jan 1945	Hans Frank	Governor-general
15 Aug 1941 - Aug 1944	Erich Koch	Chief of civil administration in the Bialystok district
(from 1 Jan 1945, chairman	of the People's Council)	Chairman of the Presidium of the People's Council
1 Jan 1944 - 4 Feb 1947	Boleslaw Bierut	Chairman of the Presidium of the People's Council
4 Feb 1947	Franciszek Trabalski	Chairman of the Presidium of the People's Council
4 Feb 1947 - 5 Feb 1947	Wladyslaw Kowalski	Chairman of the Presidium of the People's Council
5 Feb 1947 - 20 Nov 1952	Boleslaw Bierut	President
20 Nov 1952 - 7 Aug 1964	Aleksander Zawadzki	Chairmen of the Council of State
7 Aug 1964 - 12 Aug 1964	Edward Ochab + Stanislaw Kulczynski (b. 1895 - d. 1975) + Oskar Ryszard Lange (b. 1904 - d. 1965) + Boleslaw Podedworny (b. 1898 - d. 1972)	Chairmen of the Council of State
12 Aug 1964 - 10 Apr 1968	Edward Ochab	Chairmen of the Council of State
10 Apr 1968 - 23 Dec 1970	Marian Spychalski	Chairmen of the Council of State
23 Dec 1970 - 28 Mar 1972	Józef Cyrankiewicz	Chairmen of the Council of State
28 Mar 1972 - 6 Nov 1985	Henryk Jablonski	Chairmen of the Council of State
6 Nov 1985 - 19 Jul 1989	Wojciech Jaruzelski	Chairmen of the Council of State
19 Jul 1989 - 22 Dec 1990	Wojciech Jaruzelski	Presidents
22 Dec 1990 - 23 Dec 1995	Lech Walesa	Presidents
23 Dec 1995 - 23 Dec 2005	Aleksander Kwasniewski	Presidents
23 Dec 2005 -	Lech Kaczynski	Presidents
19 Feb 1676-16/17Jan 1702	Stanislaw Herakliusz Lubomirski	Grand marshals (chief ministers)
17 Jan 1702 - 15 Dec 1702	Józef Karol Lubomirski	Grand marshals (chief ministers)
15 Dec 1702 - 24 Mar 1713	Kazimierz Ludwik Bielinski	Grand marshals (chief ministers)
24 Mar 1713 - 2 Apr 1713	Wojciech Andrzej Dambski (acting)	Grand marshals (chief ministers)
2 Apr 1713 - 20 May 1742	Józef Wandalin Mniszech	Grand marshals (chief ministers)
21 May 1742 - 8 Oct 1766	Franciszek Bielinski	Grand marshals (chief ministers)
10 Oct 1766 - 12 Aug 1783	Stanislaw Lubomirski	Grand marshals (chief ministers)
12 Aug 1783 - 23 Aug 1783	Franciszek Rzewuski	Grand marshals (chief ministers)
23 Aug 1783 - 8 Jul 1793	Michal Jerzy Mniszech	Grand marshals (chief ministers)
1793	Fryderyk Józef Moszynski	Grand marshals (chief ministers)
7 Dec 1917 - 27 Feb 1918	Jan Kucharzewski (1st time)	Prime ministers
27 Feb 1918 - 4 Apr 1918	Antoni Ponikowski	Prime ministers
4 Apr 1918 - 5 Sep 1918	Jan Kanty Steczkowski	Prime ministers
5 Sep 1918 - 30 Sep 1918	Stanislaw Dzierzbicki (acting)	Prime ministers
30 Sep 1918 - 2 Oct 1918	Bohdan Broniewski (1st time)	Prime ministers
2 Oct 1918 - 9 Oct 1918	Jan Kucharzewski (2nd time)	Prime ministers
9 Oct 1918 - 26 Oct 1918	Bohdan Broniewski (2nd time)	Prime ministers
26 Oct 1918 - 4 Nov 1918	Józef Swiezynski	Prime ministers
4 Nov 1918 - 14 Nov 1918	Wladyslaw Wróblewski (acting)	Prime ministers
7 Nov 1918 - 14 Nov 1918	Ignacy Daszynski	Head of the Provisional People's Government (at Lublin)
17 Nov 1918 - 19 Jan 1919	Jedrzej Moraczewski	Prime ministers
19 Jan 1919 - 13 Dec 1919	Ignacy Paderewski	Prime ministers
13 Dec 1919 - 23 Jun 1920	Leopold Skulski	Prime ministers
23 Jun 1920 - 24 Jul 1920	Wladyslaw Grabski (1st time)	Prime ministers
24 Jul 1920 - 19 Sep 1921	Wincenty Witos (1st time)	Prime ministers
19 Sep 1921 - 26 Jun 1922	Antonin Ponikowski	Prime ministers
26 Jun 1922 - 16 Jul 1922	Artur Sliwinski	Prime ministers
16 Jul 1922 - 31 Jul 1922	Wojciech Korfanty	Prime ministers
31 Jul 1922 - 16 Dec 1922	Julian Ignacy Nowak	Prime ministers
16 Dec 1922 - 29 May 1923	Wladyslaw Sikorski	Prime ministers
29 May 1923 - 19 Dec 1923	Wincenty Witos (2nd time)	Prime ministers
19 Dec 1923 - 20 Nov 1925	Wladyslaw Grabski (2nd time)	Prime ministers
20 Nov 1925 - 10 May 1926	Aleksander hrabia Skrzynski	Prime ministers
10 May 1926 - 17 May 1926	Wincenty Witos (3rd time)	Prime ministers
17 May 1926 - 2 Oct 1926	Kazimierz Bartel (1st time)	Prime ministers
2 Oct 1926 - 27 Jun 1928	Józef Pilsudski (1st time)	Prime ministers
27 Jun 1928 - 14 Apr 1929	Kazimierz Bartel (2nd time)	Prime ministers
14 Apr 1929 - 29 Dec 1929	Kazimierz Switalski	Prime ministers
29 Dec 1929 - 29 Mar 1930	Kazimierz Bartel (3rd time)	Prime ministers
29 Mar 1930 - 25 Aug 1930	Walery Slawek (1st time)	Prime ministers
25 Aug 1930 - 4 Dec 1930	Józef Pilsudski (2nd time)	Prime ministers
4 Dec 1930 - 27 May 1931	Walery Slawek (2nd time)	Prime ministers
27 May 1931 - 12 May 1933	Aleksander Prystor	Prime ministers
12 May 1933 - 15 May 1934	Janusz Jedrzejewicz	Prime ministers
15 May 1934 - 28 Mar 1935	Leon Kozlowski	Prime ministers
28 Mar 1935 - 12 Oct 1935	Walery Slawek (3rd time)	Prime ministers
12 Oct 1935 - 15 May 1936	Marian Zyndram-Koscialkowski	Prime ministers
15 May 1936 - 30 Sep 1939	Felicjan Slawoj-Skladkowski	Prime ministers
1 Jan 1945 - 4 Feb 1947	Edward Osóbka-Morawski	Prime ministers
7 Feb 1947 - 20 Nov 1952	Józef Cyrankiewicz (1st time)	Prime ministers
20 Nov 1952 - 19 Mar 1954	Boleslaw Bierut	Prime ministers
19 Mar 1954 - 23 Dec 1970	Józef Cyrankiewicz (2nd time)	Prime ministers
23 Dec 1970 - 18 Feb 1980	Piotr Jaroszewicz	Prime ministers
18 Feb 1980 - 24 Aug 1980	Edward Babiuch	Prime ministers
24 Aug 1980 - 9 Feb 1981	Józef Pinkowski	Prime ministers
9 Feb 1981 - 6 Nov 1985	Wojciech Jaruzelski	Prime ministers
6 Nov 1985 - 27 Sep 1988	Zbigniew Messner	Prime ministers
27 Sep 1988 - 2 Aug 1989	Mieczyslaw Rakowski	Prime ministers
2 Aug 1989 - 24 Aug 1989	Czeslaw Kiszczak	Prime ministers
24 Aug 1989 - 4 Jan 1991	Tadeusz Mazowiecki	Prime ministers
4 Jan 1991 - 5 Dec 1991	Jan Krzysztof Bielecki	Prime ministers
6 Dec 1991 - 5 Jun 1992	Jan Olszewski	Prime ministers
5 Jun 1992 - 8 Jul 1992	Waldemar Pawlak (1st time)	Prime ministers
8 Jul 1992 - 26 Oct 1993	Hanna Suchocka (f)	Prime ministers
26 Oct 1993 - 6 Mar 1995	Waldemar Pawlak (2nd time)	Prime ministers
6 Mar 1995 - 7 Feb 1996	Józef Oleksy	Prime ministers
7 Feb 1996 - 17 Oct 1997	Wlodzimierz Cimoszewicz	Prime ministers
17 Oct 1997 - 31 Oct 1997	Marek Belka (1st time) (acting)	Prime ministers
31 Oct 1997 - 19 Oct 2001	Jerzy Buzek	Prime ministers
19 Oct 2001 - 2 May 2004	Leszek Miller	Prime ministers
2 May 2004 - 31 Oct 2005	Marek Belka (2nd time)	Prime ministers
31 Oct 2005 - 14 Jul 2006	Kazimierz Marcinkiewicz	Prime ministers
14 Jul 2006 - 16 Nov 2007	Jaroslaw Kaczynski	Prime ministers
16 Nov 2007 -	Donald Tusk	Prime ministers

Polish Republic in exile²

Date or term	Officeholder or event	Category
30 Sep 1939 - 6 Jun 1947	Wladyslaw Raczkiewicz	Presidents
9 Jun 1947 - 7 Apr 1972	August Zaleski	Presidents
3 Aug 1954 - 1972	Council of Three (in opposition) - Eduard Andrzej hrabia Raczynski (b. 1891 - d. 1993) - Wladyslaw Anders (b. 1892 - d. 1970) - Tomasz Arciszewski (b. 1877 - d. 1955) - Tadeusz Bór-Komorowski (b. 1895 - d. 1966) - Roman Odzierzynski (1966-68) (b. 1892 - d. 1975) - Stanislaw Mglej (1968-69) - Alfred Urbanski (from 1969) (b. 1899 - d. 1983) - Stanislaw Kopanski (from 1970) (b. 1895 - d. 1976)	Presidents
9 Apr 1972 - 24 Mar 1979	Stanislaw Ostrowski	Presidents
8 Apr 1979 - 8 Apr 1986	Eduard Andrzej hrabia Raczynski	Presidents
8 Apr 1986 - 19 Jul 1989	Kazimierz Sabbat	Presidents
19 Jul 1989 - 22 Dec 1990	Ryszard Kaczorowski	Presidents
30 Sep 1939 - 4 Jul 1943	Wladyslaw Sikorski	Prime ministers
5 Jul 1943 - 29 Nov 1944	Stanislaw Mikolajczyk	Prime ministers
29 Nov 1944 - 2 Jul 1947	Tomasz Arciszewski	Prime ministers
2 Jul 1947 - 7 Apr 1949	Tadeusz Bór-Komorowski	Prime ministers
7 Apr 1949 - 25 Sep 1950	Tadeusz Tomaszewski	Prime ministers
25 Sep 1950 - 18 Jan 1954	Roman Odzierzynski	Prime ministers
18 Jan 1954 - 8 Jun 1954	Jerzy Hryniewski	Prime ministers
8 Jun 1954 - 8 Aug 1955	Stanislaw Mackiewicz	Prime ministers
8 Aug 1955 - 11 Sep 1955	Hugon Hanke	Prime ministers
11 Sep 1955 - 25 Jun 1965	Antoni Pajak	Prime ministers
25 Jun 1965 - 16 Jul 1970	Aleksander Zawisza	Prime ministers
16 Jul 1970 - Aug 1972	Zygmunt Muchniewski	Prime ministers
Aug 1972 - 1976	Alfred Urbanski	Prime ministers
1976 - 7 Apr 1986	Kazimierz Sabbat	Prime ministers
7 Apr 1986 - 22 Dec 1990	Edward Szczepanik	Prime ministers

Cracow

Date or term	Officeholder or event	Category
1815 - 3 Mar 1846	"Free, Independent, and Strictly Neutral City of Cracow With Its Territory" (often styled Cracow Republic)	Leaders
3 Mar 1846 - 15 Oct 1918	subject to Austria; from 16 Nov 1846 styled Grand Duchy of Cracow, under the emperor of Austria; from the Ausgleich of 21 Dec 1867 that established the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, a territory in the Austrian half of the Monarchy	Leaders
2 Nov 1815 - 18 Jan 1831	Stanislaw hrabia Wodzicki	Chairmen of the Governing Senate of the Cracow Republic
18 Jan 1831 - 24 Mar 1833	no permanent chairman	Chairmen of the Governing Senate of the Cracow Republic
24 Mar 1833 - 26 Feb 1836	Kacper Wieloglowski	Chairmen of the Governing Senate of the Cracow Republic
26 Feb 1836 - 27 Apr 1839	Józef Haller de Hallenburg	Chairmen of the Governing Senate of the Cracow Republic
27 Apr 1839 - 27 Oct 1839	Antoni Bystrzonowski (1st time)	Chairmen of the Governing Senate of the Cracow Republic
27 Oct 1839 - 27 Dec 1839	Jan Chrzciciel Schindler	Chairmen of the Governing Senate of the Cracow Republic
27 Dec 1839 - 27 Feb 1840	Antoni Bystrzonowski (2nd time)	Chairmen of the Governing Senate of the Cracow Republic
27 Feb 1840 - 27 Apr 1840	Jan Chrzciciel Schindler	Chairmen of the Governing Senate of the Cracow Republic
27 Apr 1840 - 27 Jun 1840	Antoni Bystrzonowski (3rd time)	Chairmen of the Governing Senate of the Cracow Republic
27 Jun 1840 - 27 Aug 1840	Jan Chrzciciel Schindler	Chairmen of the Governing Senate of the Cracow Republic
27 Aug 1840 - 27 Oct 1840	Antoni Bystrzonowski (4th time)	Chairmen of the Governing Senate of the Cracow Republic
27 Oct 1840 - 27 Dec 1840	Jan Chrzciciel Schindler	Chairmen of the Governing Senate of the Cracow Republic
27 Dec 1840 - 27 Feb 1841	Antoni Bystrzonowski (5th time)	Chairmen of the Governing Senate of the Cracow Republic
27 Feb 1841 - 22 Feb 1846	Jan Chrzciciel Schindler	Chairmen of the Governing Senate of the Cracow Republic
22 Feb 1846	Józef Wincenty hrabia Wodzicki	Chairmen of the Governing Senate of the Cracow Republic
22 Feb 1846 - 24 Feb 1846	National Government of the Polish Republic - Ludwik Gorzkowski (b. 1811 - d. bf.1857) - Jan Józef Tyssowski (b. 1811 - d. 1857) - Aleksander Górka-Grzegorzewski (b. 1806 - d. 1855)	Chairmen of the Governing Senate of the Cracow Republic
24 Feb 1846 - 2 Mar 1846	Jan Józef Tyssowski	Chairmen of the Governing Senate of the Cracow Republic
2 Mar 1846 - 3 Mar 1846	Józef Wincenty hrabia Wodzicki	Chairmen of the Governing Senate of the Cracow Republic

Danzig

Date or term	Officeholder or event	Category
9 Jul 1807	Free City of Danzig (theoretically under the joint protection of Prussia and Saxony, but actually a French protectorate)	Leaders
13 Feb 1814	part of Prussia/Germany	Leaders
10 Jan 1920	under the authority of the Principal Allied and Associated Powers	Leaders
15 Nov 1920	Free City of Danzig (under League of Nations auspices)	Leaders
1 Sep 1939	incorporated into Germany	Leaders
1 Nov 1939	united with occupied parts of Poland as Reichsgau Westpreussen	Leaders
Jan 1940	renamed Danzig-Westpreussen	Leaders
2 Apr 1945	incorporated into Poland	Leaders
1807 - Jan 1814	Jean Rapp (from Mar 1809, Comte Jean Rapp) (b. 1772 - d. 1821)	Governors
Jan 1814 - Feb 1814	Friedrich von Massenbach	Governors
12 Nov 1919 - 7 Sep 1920	Sir Reginald Thomas Tower (U.K.)	High commissioners
15 Nov 1920 - 10 Dec 1920	Edward Lisle Strutt (U.K.)	High commissioners
10 Dec 1920 - 24 Jan 1921	Bernardo Attolico (Italy)	High commissioners
24 Jan 1921 - Jan 1923	Sir Richard Cyril Byrne Haking	High commissioners
6 Mar 1923 - Nov 1925	Mervyn Sorley McDonnell (U.K.)	High commissioners
13 Dec 1925 - 22 Jun 1929	Joost Adriaan van Hamel (Neth.)	High commissioners
22 Jun 1929 - 19 Sep 1932	Manfredi conte di Gravina dei principi di Ramacca (Italy) (b. 1883 - d. 1932)	High commissioners
16 Oct 1932 - 15 Jan 1934	Helmer Rostgaard Gommesen Rosting	High commissioners
15 Jan 1934 - Jan 1937	Seán Lester (Ireland)	High commissioners
13 Apr 1937 - 1 Sep 1939	Carl Jakob Burckhardt	High commissioners
21 Jul 1807 - 14 Mar 1808	Karl Friedrich von Gralath	Presidents of the Senate
17 Mar 1808 - 16 Mar 1809	Daniel Andreas Zernecke (1st time)	Presidents of the Senate
16 Mar 1809 - 21 Mar 1810	Karl Renner	Presidents of the Senate
21 Mar 1810 - 18 Mar 1811	Jacob Ernst Schumann (1st time)	Presidents of the Senate
18 Mar 1811 - 18 Mar 1812	Gottlieb Hufeland	Presidents of the Senate
18 Mar 1812 - 18 Mar 1813	Daniel Andreas Zernecke (2nd time)	Presidents of the Senate
18 Mar 1813 - 13 Feb 1814	Jacob Ernst Schumann (2nd time)	Presidents of the Senate
10 Jan 1920 - 5 Mar 1920	Heinrich Sahm	Lord mayor
5 Mar 1920 - 6 Dec 1920	Heinrich Sahm	Chairman of the Council of State
6 Dec 1920 - 10 Jan 1931	Heinrich Sahm	Presidents of the Senate
10 Jan 1931 - 20 Jun 1933	Ernst Ziehm	Presidents of the Senate
20 Jun 1933 - 23 Nov 1934	Hermann Rauschning	Presidents of the Senate
23 Nov 1934 - 23 Aug 1939	Arthur Greiser	Presidents of the Senate
23 Aug 1939 - 1 Sep 1939	Albert Forster	Head of State
1 Sep 1939 - 26 Oct 1939	Albert Forster	Chief of civil administration
1 Nov 1939 - 2 Apr 1945	Albert Forster	Reichsstatthalter