| Aug 1873 | inauguration of central government | Leaders |
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| 7 Nov 1889 | British-German-U.S. protectorate¹ | Leaders |
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| 10 Jun 1899 | provisional government consisting of the consuls of Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States | Leaders |
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| 1 Mar 1900 | archipelago annexed by Germany, except for the part that is to become American Samoa; the German emperor is styled Tupu Sili o Samoa (paramount king of Samoa) | Leaders |
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| 29 Aug 1914 | New Zealand occupation | Leaders |
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| 17 Dec 1920 | League of Nations mandate (administered by New Zealand) | Leaders |
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| 1946 | United Nations trust territory (ditto) | Leaders |
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| 1 Jan 1962 | Independent State of Western Samoa | Leaders |
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| 4 Jul 1997 | Independent State of Samoa | Leaders |
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| ... - ... | Tupua I'amafana | Kings (title 'O le Tupu o Samoa) |
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| ... - ... | Lei'ataua Tonumaipe'a Tamafaiga "Tupu o Salafai" | Kings (title 'O le Tupu o Samoa) |
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| ... - ... | Mata'afa Filisounu'u | Kings (title 'O le Tupu o Samoa) |
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| 1830 - 1842 | Malietoa Vai'inupo Tavita "Tupu o Salafai" | Kings (title 'O le Tupu o Samoa) |
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| Aug 1873 - 1875 | Ta'imua (Council of 7) [membership not available] | Kings (title 'O le Tupu o Samoa) |
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| 1875 | Ta'imua (Council of 14) [only titles available, with two exceptions] - Tagaloa Apela - Fuataga - Misa - Lemana - Samoa - Mata'afa - Taupa'u Sailusi - Letufuga - 'Aufa'i - Lavea - Asiata - Ti'a - Tuia - Mata'utia | Kings (title 'O le Tupu o Samoa) |
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| 1875 | Malietoa Laupepa (1st time) + Pulepule | Kings (title 'O le Tupu o Samoa) |
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| 1875 - 22 May 1875 | Ta'imua (Council of 14) [the same as the preceding Council of 14] | Kings (title 'O le Tupu o Samoa) |
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| 22 May 1875 - 1876 | Malietoa Laupepa (2nd time) | Kings (title 'O le Tupu o Samoa) |
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| 1876 - May 1879 | Ta'imua (Council of 14) [membership not available] | Kings (title 'O le Tupu o Samoa) |
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| May 1879 - 8 Nov 1880 | Malietoa Tonumaipe'a Talavou | Kings (title 'O le Tupu o Samoa) |
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| Nov 1880 - 25 Aug 1887 | Malietoa Laupepa (3rd time) | Kings (title 'O le Tupu o Samoa) |
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| Jan 1887 - 1889 | Tupua Tamasese Titiamaea (from 1888, Tupua Tamasese Malietoa Titiamaea) | Kings (title 'O le Tupu o Samoa) |
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| 1889 - 5 Dec 1889 | Tupua Malietoa To'oa Mata'afa Iosefo (1st time) (b. 1832 - d. 1912) | Kings (title 'O le Tupu o Samoa) |
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| 5 Dec 1889 - 22 Aug 1898 | Malietoa Laupepa (4th time) | Kings (title 'O le Tupu o Samoa) |
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| 22 Aug 1898 - 31 Dec 1898 | William Lea Chambers | Kings (title 'O le Tupu o Samoa) |
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| 12 Nov 1898 - 4 Jan 1899 | Tupua Malietoa To'oa Mata'afa Iosefo (2nd time) (in rebellion) (s.a.) | Kings (title 'O le Tupu o Samoa) |
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| 31 Dec 1898 - 4 Jan 1899 | Malietoa Tanumafili I (1st time) | Kings (title 'O le Tupu o Samoa) |
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| 4 Jan 1899 - 23 Mar 1899 | Tupua Malietoa To'oa Mata'afa Iosefo (3rd time) (s.a.) | Kings (title 'O le Tupu o Samoa) |
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| 23 Mar 1899 - 10 Jun 1899 | Malietoa Tanumafili I (2nd time) | Kings (title 'O le Tupu o Samoa) |
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| 23 Mar 1899 - 10 Jun 1899 | Tupua Malietoa To'oa Mata'afa Iosefo (4th time) (in rebellion) (s.a.) | Kings (title 'O le Tupu o Samoa) |
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| 10 Jun 1899 - 1 Mar 1900 | Provisional Government - Fritz Rose (German consul) (b. 1855 - d. 1922) - Ernest George Berkeley Maxse (b. 1863 - d. 1943) - Nair (acting) (British consul) - Luther Wood Osborn (U.S. consul) (b. 1843 - d. 1901) | Kings (title 'O le Tupu o Samoa) |
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| 1 Mar 1900 - 19 Dec 1911 | Wilhelm Heinrich Solf | Governors |
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| 19 Dec 1911 - 29 Aug 1914 | Erich Schultz-Ewerth | Governors |
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| Administrators (from 1948, | high commissioners) | Governors |
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| 31 Aug 1914 - 28 Jan 1919 | Robert Logan | Governors |
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| 28 Jan 1919 - 16 Mar 1923 | Robert Ward Tate | Governors |
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| 16 Mar 1923 - 8 Apr 1928 | George Spafford Richardson Spafford Richardson) (b. 1868 - d. 1938) | Governors |
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| 5 May 1928 - 3 Apr 1931 | Stephen Shepherd Allen | Governors |
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| 18 Apr 1931 - 1935 | Herbert Ernest Hart | Governors |
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| 25 Jul 1935 - 1946 | Alfred Clarke Turnbull (from 1942, Sir Alfred Clarke Turnbull) (b. 1881 - d. 1962) | Governors |
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| 1946 - 1949 | Francis William Voelcker | Governors |
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| Mar 1949 - Feb 1960 | Guy Richardson Powles | Governors |
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| Feb 1960 - 31 Dec 1961 | John Bird Wright | Governors |
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| 1 Jan 1962 - 5 Apr 1963 | Malietoa Tanumafili II (1st time) + Tupua Tamasese Mea'ole (b. 1905 - d. 1963) | Heads of state (O le Ao o le Malo) |
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| 5 Apr 1963 - 11 May 2007 | Malietoa Tanumafili II (2nd time) | Heads of state (O le Ao o le Malo) |
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| 11 May 2007 - 20 Jun 2007 | Council of Deputies (acting) - Tuimaleali'ifano Va'aletoa Sualauvi II (b. 1947) - Tuiatua Tupua Tamasese Efi (b. 1938) | Heads of state (O le Ao o le Malo) |
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| 20 Jun 2007 - | Tuiatua Tupua Tamasese Efi | Heads of state (O le Ao o le Malo) |
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| 22 May 1875 - 8 Feb 1876 | Albert Barnes Steinberger | Prime ministers |
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| 1 Oct 1959 - 25 Feb 1970 | Mata'afa Mulinu'u II (1st time) | Prime ministers |
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| 25 Feb 1970 - Mar 1973 | Tupua Tamasese Lealofi IV | Prime ministers |
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| Mar 1973 - 20 May 1975 | Mata'afa Mulinu'u II (2nd time) | Prime ministers |
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| 21 May 1975 - 24 Mar 1976 | Tupua Tamasese Lealofi IV | Prime ministers |
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| 24 Mar 1976 - 13 Apr 1982 | Tupuola Taisi Tufuga Efi | Prime ministers |
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| 13 Apr 1982 - 18 Sep 1982 | Va'ai Kolone (1st time) | Prime ministers |
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| 18 Sep 1982 - 31 Dec 1982 | Tupuola Taisi Tufuga Efi | Prime ministers |
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| 31 Dec 1982 - 30 Dec 1985 | Tofilau Eti Alesana (1st time) | Prime ministers |
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| 30 Dec 1985 - 8 Apr 1988 | Va'ai Kolone (2nd time) | Prime ministers |
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| 8 Apr 1988 - 23 Nov 1998 | Tofilau Eti Alesana (2nd time) | Prime ministers |
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| 23 Nov 1998 - | Tuilaepa Sailele Malielegaoi | Prime ministers |
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