Historical country records

Syria historical timeline

Syria

Date or term	Officeholder or event	Category
1516	part of Ottoman Empire	Leaders
30 Sep 1918	independence	Leaders
8 Mar 1920	Kingdom of Syria	Leaders
1 Dec 1920	State of Damascus and State of Aleppo	Leaders
28 Jun 1922	Union of Syrian States	Leaders
29 Sep 1923 - 1 Jan 1944	League of Nations mandate	Leaders
1 Jan 1925	State of Syria	Leaders
11 Jun 1932	Syrian Republic	Leaders
10 Jul 1939	State of Syria	Leaders
21 Jun 1941 - 17 Apr 1946	occupied by British and French troops	Leaders
16 Sep 1941	Syrian Republic	Leaders
27 Sep 1941	independence	Leaders
22 Feb 1958	part of United Arab Republic (see Egypt)	Leaders
28 Sep 1961	Syrian Arab Republic	Leaders
30 Sep 1918	Muhammad Said al-Jazairi	Heads of Government
30 Sep 1918 - 5 Oct 1918	Ali Rida Pasha al-Rikabi	Heads of Government
5 Oct 1918 - 8 Mar 1920	Faysal ibn Hussein al-Hashimi	Heads of Government
8 Mar 1920 - 28 Jul 1920	Faysal ibn Hussein al-Hashimi	King
28 Jul 1920 - 21 Aug 1920	Ala ad-Din ad-Durubi Pasha	Acting heads of state
6 Sep 1920 - 30 Nov 1920	Jamil al-Ulshi	Acting heads of state
1 Dec 1920 - 28 Jun 1922	Haqqi Bay al-Azm	Governor (State of Damascus)
1 Dec 1920 - 28 Jun 1922	Kamil pasha al-Kudsi	Governor (State of Aleppo)
28 Jun 1922 - 21 Dec 1925	Subhi Bay Barakat al-Khalidi	Heads of State
9 Feb 1926 - 28 Apr 1926	François Pierre-Alype (acting)	Heads of State
28 Apr 1926 - 15 Feb 1928	Damad-i Shahriyari Ahmad Nami Bay	Heads of State
15 Feb 1928 - 19 Nov 1931	Shaykh Taj ad-Din al-Hasani	Heads of State
11 Jun 1932 - 21 Dec 1936	Muhammad Ali Bay al-Abid	Presidents
21 Dec 1936 - 7 Jul 1939	Hashim al-Atassi (1st time)	Presidents
7 Jul 1939 - 10 Jul 1939	Nasuhi al-Bukhari (acting)	Presidents
10 Jul 1939 - 4 Apr 1941	Bahij ad-Din al-Khatib	Presidents
4 Apr 1941 - 16 Sep 1941	Khalid al-Azm (acting)	Presidents
16 Sep 1941 - 17 Jan 1943	Shaykh Taj ad-Din al-Hasani	Presidents
17 Jan 1943 - 25 Mar 1943	Jamil al-Ulshi (acting)	Presidents
25 Mar 1943 - 17 Aug 1943	Ata Bay al-Ayyubi (Head of State)	Presidents
17 Aug 1943 - 30 Mar 1949	Shukri al-Kuwatli (1st time)	Presidents
30 Mar 1949 - 14 Aug 1949	Husni az-Zaim	Presidents
14 Aug 1949 - 15 Aug 1949	Sami al-Hinnawi	Presidents
15 Aug 1949 - 2 Dec 1951	Hashim al-Atassi (2nd time)	Presidents
2 Dec 1951 - 3 Dec 1951	Adib al-Shishakli (1st time)	Presidents
3 Dec 1951 - 11 Jul 1953	Fawzi as-Silu (Head of State)	Presidents
11 Jul 1953 - 25 Feb 1954	Adib al-Shishakli (2nd time)	Presidents
26 Feb 1954 - 28 Feb 1954	Maamun al-Kuzbari (1st time)	Presidents
28 Feb 1954 - 6 Sep 1955	Hashim al-Atassi (3rd time)	Presidents
6 Sep 1955 - 22 Feb 1958	Shukri al-Kuwatli (2nd time)	Presidents
29 Sep 1961 - 20 Nov 1961	Maamun al-Kuzbari (2nd time)	Presidents
20 Nov 1961 - 14 Dec 1961	Izzat an-Nuss (acting)	Presidents
14 Dec 1961 - 8 Mar 1963	Nazim al-Kudsi	Presidents
9 Mar 1963 - 27 Jul 1963	Louai al-Atassi	Presidents
27 Jul 1963 - 23 Feb 1966	Amin al-Hafez 1964, then chairman Presidential Council)	Presidents
25 Feb 1966 - 18 Nov 1970	Nureddin al-Atassi	Presidents
18 Nov 1970 - 22 Feb 1971	Ahmed Khatib	Presidents
22 Feb 1971 - 10 Jun 2000	Hafez al-Assad	Presidents
10 Jun 2000 - 17 Jul 2000	Abdul-Halim Khaddam (acting)	Presidents
17 Jul 2000 -	Bashar al-Assad	Presidents
Mar 1920 - May 1920	Ali Rida Pasha al-Rikabi	Prime ministers
May 1920 - 28 Jul 1920	Hashim al-Atassi (1st time)	Prime ministers
28 Jul 1920 - 21 Aug 1920	Ala ad-Din ad-Durubi Pasha	Prime ministers
6 Sep 1920 - 30 Nov 1920	Jamil al-Ulshi (1st time)	Prime ministers
7 Jun 1932 - 16 Mar 1934	Haqqi Bay al-Azm	Prime ministers
16 Mar 1934 - 22 Feb 1936	Shaykh Taj ad-Din al-Hasani	Prime ministers
22 Feb 1936 - 21 Dec 1936	Ata Bay al-Ayyubi	Prime ministers
21 Dec 1936 - 18 Feb 1939	Jamil Mardam Bay (1st time)	Prime ministers
23 Feb 1939 - 13 Mar 1939	Lutfi al-Haffar	Prime ministers
6 Apr 1939 - 9 Jul 1939	Nasuhi al-Bukhari	Prime ministers
4 Apr 1941 - 21 Sep 1941	Khalid al-Azm (1st time)	Prime ministers
21 Sep 1941 - 19 Apr 1942	Hassan al-Hakim (1st time)	Prime ministers
19 Apr 1942 - 10 Jan 1943	Husni al-Barazi	Prime ministers
10 Jan 1943 - 25 Mar 1943	Jamil al-Ulshi (2nd time)	Prime ministers
19 Aug 1943 - 14 Oct 1944	Saadallah al-Jabiri (1st time)	Prime ministers
14 Oct 1944 - 1 Oct 1945	Faris al-Khuri (1st time)	Prime ministers
1 Oct 1945 - 16 Dec 1946	Saadallah al-Jabiri (2nd time)	Prime ministers
16 Dec 1946 - 29 Dec 1946	Khalid al-Azm (2nd time) (acting)	Prime ministers
29 Dec 1946 - 17 Dec 1948	Jamil Mardam Bay (2nd time)	Prime ministers
17 Dec 1948 - 30 Mar 1949	Khalid al-Azm (3rd time)	Prime ministers
17 Apr 1949 - 26 Jun 1949	Husni az-Zaim	Prime ministers
26 Jun 1949 - 14 Aug 1949	Muhsin al-Barazi	Prime ministers
17 Aug 1949 - 24 Dec 1949	Hashim al-Atassi (2nd time)	Prime ministers
24 Dec 1949 - 27 Dec 1949	Nazim al-Kudsi (1st time)	Prime ministers
27 Dec 1949 - 4 Jun 1950	Khalid al-Azm (4th time)	Prime ministers
4 Jun 1950 - 27 Mar 1951	Nazim al-Kudsi (2nd time)	Prime ministers
27 Mar 1951 - 9 Aug 1951	Khalid al-Azm (5th time)	Prime ministers
9 Aug 1951 - 13 Nov 1951	Hassan al-Hakim (2nd time)	Prime ministers
13 Nov 1951 - 28 Nov 1951	Zaki al-Khatib (acting)	Prime ministers
28 Nov 1951 - 29 Nov 1951	Maaruf al-Dawalibi (1st time)	Prime ministers
3 Dec 1951 - 19 Jul 1953	Fawzi as-Silu	Prime ministers
19 Jul 1953 - 1 Mar 1954	Adib al-Shishakli	Prime ministers
1 Mar 1954 - 19 Jun 1954	Sabri al-Assali (1st time)	Prime ministers
19 Jun 1954 - 3 Nov 1954	Said al-Ghazzi (1st time)	Prime ministers
3 Nov 1954 - 13 Feb 1955	Faris al-Khuri (2nd time)	Prime ministers
13 Feb 1955 - 13 Sep 1955	Sabri al-Assali (2nd time)	Prime ministers
13 Sep 1955 - 14 Jun 1956	Said al-Ghazzi (2nd time)	Prime ministers
14 Jun 1956 - 6 Mar 1958	Sabri al-Assali (3rd time)	Prime ministers
7 Oct 1958 - 20 Sep 1960	Nureddin Kuhala	Chairmen of the Executive Council of the Syrian Region
20 Sep 1960 - 16 Aug 1961	Abdul Hamid Serraj	Chairmen of the Executive Council of the Syrian Region
29 Sep 1961 - 20 Nov 1961	Maamun al-Kuzbari	Prime ministers
20 Nov 1961 - 14 Dec 1961	Izzat an-Nuss	Prime ministers
22 Dec 1961 - 28 Mar 1962	Maaruf al-Dawalibi (2nd time)	Prime ministers
16 Apr 1962 - 14 Sep 1962	Ahmad Bashir al-Azmah	Prime ministers
17 Sep 1962 - 9 Mar 1963	Khalid al-Azm (6th time)	Prime ministers
9 Mar 1963 - 12 Nov 1963	Salah al-Din Bitar (1st time)	Prime ministers
12 Nov 1963 - 13 May 1964	Amin al-Hafez (1st time)	Prime ministers
13 May 1964 - 3 Oct 1964	Salah al-Din Bitar (2nd time)	Prime ministers
4 Oct 1964 - 23 Sep 1965	Amin al-Hafez (2nd time)	Prime ministers
23 Sep 1965 - 21 Dec 1965	Yusuf Zuaiyin (1st time)	Prime ministers
1 Jan 1966 - 23 Feb 1966	Salah al-Din Bitar (3rd time)	Prime ministers
25 Feb 1966 - 29 Oct 1968	Yusuf Zuaiyin (2nd time)	Prime ministers
29 Oct 1968 - 21 Nov 1970	Nureddin al-Atassi	Prime ministers
21 Nov 1970 - 3 Apr 1971	Hafez al-Assad	Prime ministers
3 Apr 1971 - 21 Dec 1972	Abdul Rahman Khleifawi (1st time)	Prime ministers
21 Dec 1972 - 7 Aug 1976	Mahmoud al-Ayyubi	Prime ministers
7 Aug 1976 - 27 Mar 1978	Abdul Rahman Khleifawi (2nd time)	Prime ministers
27 Mar 1978 - 9 Jan 1980	Muhammad Ali al-Halabi	Prime ministers
9 Jan 1980 - 1 Nov 1987	Abdul Rauf al-Kasm	Prime ministers
1 Nov 1987 - 13 Mar 2000	Mahmoud Zuabi	Prime ministers
13 Mar 2000 - 10 Sep 2003	Muhammad Mustafa Mero	Prime ministers
10 Sep 2003 -	Muhammad Naji al-Otari	Prime ministers

French-mandated Syria and Lebanon (headquarters in Beirut, Lebanon)

Date or term	Officeholder or event	Category
21 Nov 1919 - 23 Nov 1922	Henri Gouraud	High commissioners
23 Nov 1922 - 17 Apr 1923	Robert de Caix (acting)	High commissioners
17 Apr 1923 - Dec 1924	Maxime Weygand	High commissioners
2 Jan 1925 - 30 Oct 1925	Maurice Sarrail	High commissioners
Dec 1925 - 17 Jun 1926	Henry de Jouvenel	High commissioners
12 Oct 1926 - 12 Oct 1932	Henri Ponsot	High commissioners
Jul 1933 - Oct 1938	Damien de Martel	High commissioners
Jan 1939 - Dec 1940	Gabriel Puaux	High commissioners
29 Dec 1940 - 14 Jun 1941	Henri Fernand Dentz	High commissioners
21 Jun 1941 - 7 Jun 1943	Georges Catroux	Delegates-general
7 Jun 1943 - 23 Nov 1943	Jean Helleu	Delegates-general
23 Nov 1943 - Feb 1944	Yves Chataigneau	Delegates-general
Mar 1944 - 6 Jul 1946	Étienne Beynet	Delegates-general

Alawite Territory

Date or term	Officeholder or event	Category
2 Sep 1920	Alawite Territory	Leaders
1 Jul 1922	incorporated into Syria	Leaders
1 Jan 1925	Alawite State	Leaders
1930	State of Latakia	Leaders
5 Dec 1936	incorporated into Syria	Leaders
2 Sep 1920 - 192.	Joseph Niéger	Governors
192. - 1 Jul 1922	Gaston Billotte	Governors
1 Jan 1925 - 1925	Léon Cayla	Governors
Jul 1925 - 5 Dec 1936	Ernest Schoeffler	Governors

Jebel Druze

Date or term	Officeholder or event	Category
1 May 1921	autonomous	Leaders
2 Dec 1936	incorporated into Syria	Leaders
1 May 1921 - 15 Sep 1923	Amir Salim Pasha al-Atrash	Governors
Sep 1923 - 6 Mar 1924	Trenga (provisional)	Governors
6 Mar 1924 - 14 Oct 1925	Gabriel Marie Victor Carbillet	Governors
14 Oct 1925 - 1927	Charles Andréa	Governors
1927	Marie Joseph Léon Augustin Henry	Governors
1927 - 1932	Abel Clément-Grandcourt	Governors
3 Feb 1932 - 28 Jan 1934	Renaud Massiet	Governors
1934 - 1935	Devicq	Governors
1935 - 2 Dec 1936	Tarit	Governors