| 4 Jul 1776 | independence declared (United States of America) New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Virginia) | Leaders | |
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| 2 Mar 1781 | Articles of Confederation effective | Leaders | |
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| 3 Sep 1783 | independence recognized by Britain | Leaders | |
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| 4 Mar 1789 | Constitution effective; 11 of the 13 original states have ratified it by that time | Leaders | |
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| 21 Nov 1789 | North Carolina ratifies Constitution | Leaders | |
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| 29 May 1790 | Rhode Island ratifies Constitution | Leaders | |
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| 5 Sep 1774 - 22 Oct 1774 | Peyton Randolph (1st time) | Presidents of the ("Continental") Congress | |
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| 22 Oct 1774 - 26 Oct 1774 | Henry Middleton | Presidents of the ("Continental") Congress | |
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| 10 May 1775 - 24 May 1775 | Peyton Randolph (2nd time) | Presidents of the ("Continental") Congress | |
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| 24 May 1775 - 29 Oct 1777 | John Hancock | Presidents of the ("Continental") Congress | |
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| 29 Oct 1777 - 1 Nov 1777 | Charles Thomson (acting) | Presidents of the ("Continental") Congress | |
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| 1 Nov 1777 - 9 Dec 1778 | Henry Laurens | Presidents of the ("Continental") Congress | |
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| 10 Dec 1778 - 28 Sep 1779 | John Jay | Presidents of the ("Continental") Congress | |
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| 28 Sep 1779 - 2 Mar 1781 | Samuel Huntington | Presidents of the ("Continental") Congress | |
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| 2 Mar 1781 - 10 Jul 1781 | Samuel Huntington | Presidents of the United States in Congress Assembled | |
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| 10 Jul 1781 - 4 Nov 1781 | Thomas McKean | Presidents of the United States in Congress Assembled | |
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| 5 Nov 1781 - 3 Nov 1782 | John Hanson | Presidents of the United States in Congress Assembled | |
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| 4 Nov 1782 - 2 Nov 1783 | Elias Boudinot | Presidents of the United States in Congress Assembled | |
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| 3 Nov 1783 - 31 Oct 1784 | Thomas Mifflin | Presidents of the United States in Congress Assembled | |
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| 3 Nov 1783 - 13 Dec 1783 | Daniel Carroll | Presidents of the United States in Congress Assembled | |
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| 30 Nov 1784 - 6 Nov 1785 | Richard Henry Lee | Presidents of the United States in Congress Assembled | |
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| 23 Nov 1785 - 5 Jun 1786 | John Hancock | Presidents of the United States in Congress Assembled | |
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| 23 Nov 1785 - 12 May 1786 | David Ramsay | Presidents of the United States in Congress Assembled | |
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| 15 May 1786 - 5 Nov 1786 | Nathaniel Gorham | Presidents of the United States in Congress Assembled | |
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| 2 Feb 1787 - 4 Nov 1787 | Arthur St. Clair | Presidents of the United States in Congress Assembled | |
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| 22 Jan 1788 - 2 Nov 1788 | Cyrus Griffin | Presidents of the United States in Congress Assembled | |
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| 30 Apr 1789 - 4 Mar 1797 | George Washington | Presidents¹ | |
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| 4 Mar 1797 - 4 Mar 1801 | John Adams | Presidents¹ | Fed |
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| 4 Mar 1801 - 4 Mar 1809 | Thomas Jefferson | Presidents¹ | D-R |
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| 4 Mar 1809 - 4 Mar 1817 | James Madison | Presidents¹ | D-R |
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| 4 Mar 1817 - 4 Mar 1825 | James Monroe | Presidents¹ | D-R |
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| 4 Mar 1825 - 4 Mar 1829 | John Quincy Adams | Presidents¹ | D-R |
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| 4 Mar 1829 - 4 Mar 1837 | Andrew Jackson | Presidents¹ | Dem |
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| 4 Mar 1837 - 4 Mar 1841 | Martin Van Buren | Presidents¹ | Dem |
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| 4 Mar 1841 - 4 Apr 1841 | William Henry Harrison | Presidents¹ | Whg |
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| 4 Apr 1841 - 4 Mar 1845 | John Tyler | Presidents¹ | Whg |
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| 4 Mar 1845 - 4 Mar 1849 | James K. Polk | Presidents¹ | Dem |
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| 4 Mar 1849 - 9 Jul 1850 | Zachary Taylor | Presidents¹ | Whg |
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| 9 Jul 1850 - 4 Mar 1853 | Millard Fillmore | Presidents¹ | Whg |
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| 4 Mar 1853 - 4 Mar 1857 | Franklin Pierce | Presidents¹ | Dem |
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| 4 Mar 1857 - 4 Mar 1861 | James Buchanan | Presidents¹ | Dem |
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| 4 Mar 1861 - 15 Apr 1865 | Abraham Lincoln | Presidents¹ | Rep |
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| 15 Apr 1865 - 4 Mar 1869 | Andrew Johnson | Presidents¹ | Dem |
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| 4 Mar 1869 - 4 Mar 1877 | Ulysses S. Grant | Presidents¹ | Rep |
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| 4 Mar 1877 - 4 Mar 1881 | Rutherford B. Hayes | Presidents¹ | Rep |
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| 4 Mar 1881 - 19 Sep 1881 | James A. Garfield | Presidents¹ | Rep |
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| 19 Sep 1881 - 4 Mar 1885 | Chester A. Arthur | Presidents¹ | Rep |
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| 4 Mar 1885 - 4 Mar 1889 | Grover Cleveland (1st time) | Presidents¹ | Dem |
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| 4 Mar 1889 - 4 Mar 1893 | Benjamin Harrison | Presidents¹ | Rep |
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| 4 Mar 1893 - 4 Mar 1897 | Grover Cleveland (2nd time) | Presidents¹ | Dem |
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| 4 Mar 1897 - 14 Sep 1901 | William McKinley | Presidents¹ | Rep |
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| 14 Sep 1901 - 4 Mar 1909 | Theodore Roosevelt | Presidents¹ | Rep |
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| 4 Mar 1909 - 4 Mar 1913 | William Howard Taft | Presidents¹ | Rep |
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| 4 Mar 1913 - 4 Mar 1921 | Woodrow Wilson | Presidents¹ | Dem |
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| 4 Mar 1921 - 2 Aug 1923 | Warren G. Harding | Presidents¹ | Rep |
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| 2 Aug 1923 - 4 Mar 1929 | Calvin Coolidge | Presidents¹ | Rep |
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| 4 Mar 1929 - 4 Mar 1933 | Herbert Hoover | Presidents¹ | Rep |
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| 4 Mar 1933 - 12 Apr 1945 | Franklin D. Roosevelt | Presidents¹ | Dem |
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| 12 Apr 1945 - 20 Jan 1953 | Harry S. Truman | Presidents¹ | Dem |
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| 20 Jan 1953 - 20 Jan 1961 | Dwight D. Eisenhower | Presidents¹ | Rep |
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| 20 Jan 1961 - 22 Nov 1963 | John F. Kennedy | Presidents¹ | Dem |
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| 22 Nov 1963 - 20 Jan 1969 | Lyndon B. Johnson | Presidents¹ | Dem |
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| 20 Jan 1969 - 9 Aug 1974 | Richard M. Nixon | Presidents¹ | Rep |
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| 9 Aug 1974 - 20 Jan 1977 | Gerald R. Ford | Presidents¹ | Rep |
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| 20 Jan 1977 - 20 Jan 1981 | Jimmy Carter | Presidents¹ | Dem |
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| 20 Jan 1981 - 20 Jan 1989 | Ronald Reagan | Presidents¹ | Rep |
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| 20 Jan 1989 - 20 Jan 1993 | George Bush | Presidents¹ | Rep |
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| 20 Jan 1993 - 20 Jan 2001 | Bill Clinton | Presidents¹ | Dem |
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| 20 Jan 2001 - | George W. Bush | Presidents¹ | Rep |
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